Related papers: Counting Degrees of Freedom in Open Effective Theo…

We present a Lagrangian approach to counting degrees of freedom in first-order field theories. The emphasis is on the systematic attainment of a complete set of constraints. In particular, we provide the first comprehensive procedure to…

We consider the question of counting the degrees of freedom in theoretical models, with an emphasis on theories of fields and gravity. Among the possible approaches, the Hamiltonian formulation remains one of the most systematic and robust…

We present a clear, step-by-step method for counting degrees of freedom and identifying constraints in general field theories. This approach, grounded in the works of Einstein, Hilbert, Cartan, Kuranishi, and, more recently, Seiler, is…

In this paper we present a Lagrangian method that allows the physical degree of freedom count for any Lagrangian system without having to perform neither Dirac nor covariant canonical analyses. The essence of our method is to establish a…

To circumvent some technical difficulties faced by the geometric Lagrangian approach to the physical degree of freedom count presented in the work of Diaz, Higuita, and Montesinos, J. Math. Phys. 55, 122901 (2014) that prevent its direct…

In many scenarios of interest, a quantum system interacts with an unknown environment, necessitating the use of open quantum system methods to capture dissipative effects and environmental noise. With the long-term goal of developing a…

We present a method that is optimized to explicitly obtain all the constraints and thereby count the propagating degrees of freedom in (almost all) manifestly first order classical field theories. Our proposal uses as its only inputs a…

Effective field theories offer a powerful method to unify diverse models under a small set of control parameters, allowing systematic expansions around well-established theories. These techniques, developed in particle physics, were…

We describe in detail how to eliminate nonphysical degrees of freedom in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of a constrained system. Two important and distinct steps in our method are the fixing of ambiguities in the dynamics and…

We describe an infinite-parametric class of effective metric Lagrangians that arise from an underlying theory with two propagating degrees of freedom. The Lagrangians start with the Einstein-Hilbert term, continue with the standard R^2,…

A detailed program is proposed in the Lagrangian formalism to investigate the dynamical behavior of a theory with singular Lagrangian. This program goes on, at different levels, parallel to the Hamiltonian analysis. In particular, we…

Identifying the relevant coarse-grained degrees of freedom in a complex physical system is a key stage in developing powerful effective theories in and out of equilibrium. The celebrated renormalization group provides a framework for this…

Starting from a theory of heavy particles and antiparticles, the path integral formulation of an effective field theory which describes the low momentum interactions is presented. The heavy degrees of freedom are identified and explicitly…

With the LHC entering the precision era, focus on interpreting the measurements performed in an effective field theory holds key to testing the Standard Model. An effective field theory provides a well-defined theoretical formalism which…

We demonstrate that the dynamics of an open quantum system can be calculated efficiently and with predefined error, provided a basis exists in which the system-environment interactions are local and hence obey the Lieb-Robinson bound. We…

For physical theories, the degree of arbitrariness of a system is of great importance, and is often closely linked to the concept of degree of freedom, and for most systems this number is far from obvious. In this paper we present an easy…

Action-dependent field theories are systems where the Lagrangian or Hamiltonian depends on new variables that encode the action. They model a larger class of field theories, including non-conservative behavior, while maintaining a…

Typically higher-derivative theories are unstable. Instabilities manifest themselves from extra propagating degrees of freedom, which are unphysical. In this paper, we will investigate an infinite derivative field theory and study its true…

Many complex systems are characterized by intriguing spatio-temporal structures. Their mathematical description relies on the analysis of appropriate correlation functions. Functional integral techniques provide a unifying formalism that…

Many complex systems satisfy a set of constraints on their degrees of freedom, and at the same time, they are able to work and adapt to different conditions. Here, we describe the emergence of this ability in a simplified model in which the…