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Using convex optimization, we propose entanglement-assisted quantum error correction procedures that are optimized for given noise channels. We demonstrate through numerical examples that such an optimized error correction method achieves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-28 Soraya Taghavi , Todd A. Brun , Daniel A. Lidar

In quantum communication via noisy channels, the error probability scales exponentially with the length of the channel. We present a scheme of a quantum repeater that overcomes this limitation. The central idea is to connect a string of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. -J. Briegel , W. Dür , J. I. Cirac , P. Zoller

Quantum repeater networks are a fundamental of any future quantum Internet and long-distance quantum communications. The entangled quantum nodes can communicate through several different levels of entanglement, leading to a heterogeneous,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-24 Laszlo Gyongyosi , Sandor Imre

Quantum Internet signifies a remarkable advancement in communication technology, harnessing the principles of quantum entanglement and superposition to facilitate unparalleled levels of security and efficient computations. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail

Entanglement-based quantum networks exhibit a unique flexibility in the choice of entangled resource states that are then locally manipulated by the nodes to fulfill any request in the network. Furthermore, this manipulation is not uniquely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Maria Flors Mor-Ruiz , Julius Wallnöfer , Wolfgang Dür

Existing classical optical network infrastructure cannot be immediately used for quantum network applications due to photon loss. The first step towards enabling quantum networks is the integration of quantum repeaters into optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Hassan Shapourian , Alireza Shabani , Ramana Kompella , Don Towsley

Quantum networks distributed over distances greater than a few kilometers will be limited by the time required for information to propagate between nodes. We analyze protocols that are able to circumvent this bottleneck by employing…

The complexity of large-scale 6G-and-beyond networks demands innovative approaches for multi-objective optimization over vast search spaces, a task often intractable. Quantum computing (QC) emerges as a promising technology for efficient…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Sebastian Macaluso , Giovanni Geraci , Elías F. Combarro , Sergi Abadal , Ioannis Arapakis , Sofia Vallecorsa , Eduard Alarcón

Quantum repeater networks distribute entanglement over lossy links while many users share a limited pool of entangled pairs. Most existing routing schemes either always use a single best path or rely on global optimizations that are hard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Ankit Mishra , Kang Hao Cheong

We conduct a numerical investigation of fiber-based entanglement distribution over distances of up to 1600km using a chain of processing-node quantum repeaters. We determine minimal hardware requirements while simultaneously optimizing over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-21 Adrià Labay-Mora , Francisco Ferreira da Silva , Stephanie Wehner

The distribution of entanglement in quantum networks is typically approached under idealized assumptions such as perfect synchronization and centralized control, while classical communication is often neglected. However, these assumptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Hassan Shapourian , Don Towsley

While the concept of entanglement purification protocols (EPPs) is straightforward, the integration of EPPs in network architectures requires careful performance evaluations and optimizations that take into account realistic conditions and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Allen Zang , Xin-An Chen , Eric Chitambar , Martin Suchara , Tian Zhong

The faithful distribution of entanglement over noisy channels is a vital prerequisite for many quantum technological applications. Quantum information can be encoded in different degrees of freedom (DOF) of photons, where each encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-07 Sebastian Ecker , Philipp Sohr , Lukas Bulla , Rupert Ursin , Martin Bohmann

Entanglement distribution is key to the success of secure communication schemes based on quantum mechanics, and there is a strong need for an ultimate architecture able to overcome the limitations of recent proposals such as those based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-10 Alexander Streltsov , Remigiusz Augusiak , Maciej Demianowicz , Maciej Lewenstein

Quantum entanglement serves as a valuable resource for many important quantum operations. A pair of entangled qubits can be shared between two agents by first preparing a maximally entangled qubit pair at one agent, and then sending one of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-06 Liangzhong Ruan , Wenhan Dai , Moe Z. Win

We investigate resource allocation for quantum entanglement distribution over an optical network. We characterize and model a network architecture that employs a single broadband quasi-deterministic time-frequency heralded…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Rohan Bali , Ashley N. Tittelbaugh , Shelbi L. Jenkins , Anuj Agrawal , Jerry Horgan , Marco Ruffini , Daniel C. Kilper , Boulat A. Bash

Quantitative characterization of two-qubit entanglement purification protocols is introduced. Our approach is based on the concurrence and the hit-and-run algorithm applied to the convex set of all two-qubit states. We demonstrate that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Francesco Preti , József Zsolt Bernád

We investigate entanglement distribution in pure-state quantum networks. We consider the case when non-maximally entangled two-qubit pure states are shared by neighboring nodes of the network. For a given pair of nodes, we investigate how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-19 S. Perseguers , J. Wehr , A. Acin , M. Lewenstein , J. I. Cirac

Long-distance optical quantum channels are necessarily lossy, leading to errors in transmitted quantum information, entanglement degradation and, ultimately, poor protocol performance. Quantum states carrying information in the channel can…

A purification scheme which utilizes the action of repeated measurements on a (part of a total) quantum system is briefly reviewed and is applied to a few simple systems to show how it enables us to extract an entangled state as a target…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hiromichi Nakazato , Makoto Unoki , Kazuya Yuasa