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Related papers: Parallel Context Compaction for Long-Horizon LLM A…

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Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) perform complex tasks through long-horizon reasoning and tool interaction, where a fundamental trade-off arises between execution efficiency and reasoning robustness. Models at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Wenbo Gao , Renxi Liu , Xian Wang , Fang Guo , Shuai Yang , Xi Chen , Hui-Ling Zhen , Hanting Chen , Weizhe Lin , Xiaosong Li , Yaoyuan Wang

Long-horizon large language model (LLM) agents are fundamentally limited by context. As interactions become longer, tool descriptions, retrieved memories, and raw environmental feedback accumulate and push out the information needed for…

Long-term conversational agents need memory systems that capture relationships between events, not merely isolated facts, to support temporal reasoning and multi-hop question answering. Current approaches face a fundamental trade-off: flat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Buqiang Xu , Yijun Chen , Jizhan Fang , Ruobin Zhong , Yunzhi Yao , Yuqi Zhu , Lun Du , Shumin Deng

This paper presents a context key/value compression method for Transformer language models in online scenarios, where the context continually expands. As the context lengthens, the attention process demands increasing memory and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jang-Hyun Kim , Junyoung Yeom , Sangdoo Yun , Hyun Oh Song

We study parallel test-time scaling for long-horizon agentic tasks such as agentic search and deep research, where multiple rollouts are generated in parallel and aggregated into a final response. While such scaling has proven effective for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yoonsang Lee , Howard Yen , Xi Ye , Danqi Chen

Large language models are increasingly deployed in settings where relevant information is embedded within long and noisy contexts. Despite this, robustness to growing context length remains poorly understood across different question…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Trishita Dhara , Siddhesh Sheth

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, yet their standard attention mechanism incurs quadratic computation and memory costs with respect to sequence length, posing a major bottleneck for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Tao Bu , Qiangang Wang , Bowen Zeng , Hanwen Sun , Yunpeng Huang , Chun Cao , Jingwei Xu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for extended, multi-topic conversations, yet the flat, append-only structure of current conversation interfaces introduces a fundamental limitation: all context accumulates in a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Pranav Hemanth , Sampriti Saha

Large Language Models (LLMs) have benefited enormously from scaling, yet these gains are bounded by five fundamental limitations: (1) hallucination, (2) context compression, (3) reasoning degradation, (4) retrieval fragility, and (5)…

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in processing long contexts due to the linear growth of the key-value (KV) cache and quadratic complexity of self-attention. Existing approaches address these bottlenecks separately:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zeng You , Yaofo Chen , Qiuwu Chen , Ying Sun , Shuhai Zhang , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan

Memory-augmented LLM agents enable interactions that extend beyond finite context windows by storing, updating, and reusing information across sessions. However, training such agents with reinforcement learning in multi-session environments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sikuan Yan , Ahmed Bahloul , Ercong Nie , Susanna Schwarzmann , Riccardo Trivisonno , Volker Tresp , Yunpu Ma

Despite their widespread adoption, large language models (LLMs) remain prohibitive to use under resource constraints, with their ever growing sizes only increasing the barrier for use. One noted issue is the high latency associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jerry Huang , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Sarath Chandar

The evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) agents towards System~2 reasoning, characterized by deliberative, high-precision problem-solving, requires maintaining rigorous logical integrity over extended horizons. However, prevalent memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kaixiang Wang , Yidan Lin , Jiong Lou , Zhaojiacheng Zhou , Bunyod Suvonov , Jie Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to handle long input sequences due to high memory and runtime costs. Memory-augmented models have emerged as a promising solution to this problem, but current methods are hindered by limited memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Zexue He , Leonid Karlinsky , Donghyun Kim , Julian McAuley , Dmitry Krotov , Rogerio Feris

Transformer-based language models (LMs) are powerful and widely-applicable tools, but their usefulness is constrained by a finite context window and the expensive computational cost of processing long text documents. We propose to adapt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Alexis Chevalier , Alexander Wettig , Anirudh Ajith , Danqi Chen

The rapid increase in unstructured data across various fields has made multi-document comprehension and summarization a critical task. Traditional approaches often fail to capture relevant context, maintain logical consistency, and extract…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Aditi Godbole , Jabin Geevarghese George , Smita Shandilya

Large language model (LLM) agents often struggle in long-context interactions. As the agent accumulates more interaction history, context management approaches such as sliding window and prompt compression may omit earlier structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yating Wu , Yuhao Zhang , Sayan Ghosh , Sourya Basu , Anoop Deoras , Jun Huan , Gaurav Gupta

Long-context modeling capabilities have garnered widespread attention, leading to the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) with ultra-context windows. Meanwhile, benchmarks for evaluating long-context LLMs are gradually catching up.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Minzheng Wang , Longze Chen , Cheng Fu , Shengyi Liao , Xinghua Zhang , Bingli Wu , Haiyang Yu , Nan Xu , Lei Zhang , Run Luo , Yunshui Li , Min Yang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Large Language Model (LLM) agents exhibit remarkable conversational and reasoning capabilities but remain constrained by limited context windows and the lack of persistent memory. Recent efforts address these limitations via external memory…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Zhengjun Huang , Zhoujin Tian , Qintian Guo , Fangyuan Zhang , Yingli Zhou , Di Jiang , Zeying Xie , Xiaofang Zhou

LLM context is not just tokens; it is a set of commitments. Long-running conversations accumulate goals, constraints, decisions, preferences, tool results, retrieved evidence, artifacts, and safety boundaries that future responses must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Natalia Trukhina , Vadim Vashkelis