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Agentic language-model systems increasingly rely on mutable execution contexts, including files, memory, tools, skills, and auxiliary artifacts, creating security risks beyond explicit user prompts. This paper presents DeepTrap, an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hongwei Yao , Yiming Liu , Yiling He , Bingrun Yang

Machine learning models trained on tabular data are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, even in realistic scenarios where attackers only have access to the model's outputs. Since tabular data contains complex interdependencies among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yael Itzhakev , Amit Giloni , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

We propose WSAC (Weighted Safe Actor-Critic), a novel algorithm for Safe Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) under functional approximation, which can robustly optimize policies to improve upon an arbitrary reference policy with limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Honghao Wei , Xiyue Peng , Arnob Ghosh , Xin Liu

Fast Adversarial Training (FastAT) seeks to achieve adversarial robustness at a fraction of the computational cost incurred by standard multi-step methods such as PGD-AT. Although numerous FastAT techniques have been proposed in recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Chao Pan , Xin Yao

Adversarial robustness evaluation faces a critical challenge as new defense paradigms emerge that can exploit limitations in existing assessment methods. This paper reveals that Dummy Classes-based defenses, which introduce an additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yunrui Yu , Xuxiang Feng , Pengda Qin , Pengyang Wang , Kafeng Wang , Cheng-zhong Xu , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

This paper introduces a novel adversarial attack method targeting text classification models, termed the Modified Word Saliency-based Adversarial At-tack (MWSAA). The technique builds upon the concept of word saliency to strategically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Hetvi Waghela , Sneha Rakshit , Jaydip Sen

Despite the integration of search tools, Deep Search Agents often suffer from a misalignment between reasoning-driven queries and the underlying web indexing structures. Existing frameworks treat the search engine as a static utility,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zixuan Yu , Zhenheng Tang , Tongliang Liu , Chengqi Zhang , Xiaowen Chu , Bo Han

Based on the significant improvement of model robustness by AT (Adversarial Training), various variants have been proposed to further boost the performance. Well-recognized methods have focused on different components of AT (e.g., designing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Zhuoer Xu , Guanghui Zhu , Changhua Meng , Shiwen Cui , Zhenzhe Ying , Weiqiang Wang , Ming GU , Yihua Huang

Agentic retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enable large language models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks through multi-step interaction with external retrieval tools. However, such multi-step interaction often involves redundant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jingbo Sun , Wenyue Chong , Songjun Tu , Qichao Zhang , Yaocheng Zhang , Jiajun Chai , Xiaohan Wang , Wei Lin , Guojun Yin , Dongbin Zhao

The field of defense strategies against adversarial attacks has significantly grown over the last years, but progress is hampered as the evaluation of adversarial defenses is often insufficient and thus gives a wrong impression of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Francesco Croce , Matthias Hein

In many real-world applications, we often need to handle various deployment scenarios, where the resource constraint and the superclass of interest corresponding to a group of classes are dynamically specified. How to efficiently deploy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Jing Liu , Bohan Zhuang , Mingkui Tan , Xu Liu , Dinh Phung , Yuanqing Li , Jianfei Cai

While adversarial robustness in computer vision is a mature research field, fewer researchers have tackled the evasion attacks against tabular deep learning, and even fewer investigated robustification mechanisms and reliable defenses. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Thibault Simonetto , Salah Ghamizi , Maxime Cordy

As language models (LMs) are used to build autonomous agents in real environments, ensuring their adversarial robustness becomes a critical challenge. Unlike chatbots, agents are compound systems with multiple components taking actions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Chen Henry Wu , Rishi Shah , Jing Yu Koh , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Daniel Fried , Aditi Raghunathan

Large vision models have been found vulnerable to adversarial examples, emphasizing the need for enhancing their adversarial robustness. While adversarial training is an effective defense for deep convolutional models, it often faces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Kangtao Lv , Huangsen Cao , Kainan Tu , Yihuai Xu , Zhimeng Zhang , Xin Ding , Yongwei Wang

The availability of challenging simulation environments is pivotal for advancing the field of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). In cooperative MARL settings, the StarCraft Multi-Agent Challenge (SMAC) has gained prominence as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Yue Deng , Yan Yu , Weiyu Ma , Zirui Wang , Wenhui Zhu , Jian Zhao , Yin Zhang

Since the discovery of adversarial attacks against machine learning models nearly a decade ago, research on adversarial machine learning has rapidly evolved into an eternal war between defenders, who seek to increase the robustness of ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Farhan Ahmed , Pratik Vaishnavi , Kevin Eykholt , Amir Rahmati

Machine learning models are critically susceptible to evasion attacks from adversarial examples. Generally, adversarial examples, modified inputs deceptively similar to the original input, are constructed under whitebox settings by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Viet Quoc Vo , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Damith C. Ranasinghe

Deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which can fool a target classifier by imposing imperceptible perturbations onto natural examples. In this work, we consider the practical and challenging decision-based black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Qi-An Fu , Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Retrieval Augmented Language Models (RALMs) have gained significant attention for their ability to generate accurate answer and improve efficiency. However, RALMs are inherently vulnerable to imperfect information due to their reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Seong-Il Park , Jay-Yoon Lee

Neural ranking models have achieved remarkable progress and are now widely deployed in real-world applications such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). However, like other neural architectures, they remain vulnerable to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jiawei Liu , Zhuo Chen , Rui Zhu , Miaokun Chen , Yuyang Gong , Wei Lu , Xiaofeng Wang