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This work presents methods for the determination of a humanoid robot's joint velocities and accelerations directly from link-mounted Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) each containing a three-axis gyroscope and a three-axis accelerometer. No…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Nicholas Rotella , Sean Mason , Stefan Schaal , Ludovic Righetti

Locomotion over soft terrain remains a challenging problem for legged robots. Most of the work done on state estimation for legged robots is designed for rigid contacts, and does not take into account the physical parameters of the terrain.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Shamel Fahmi , Geoff Fink , Claudio Semini

Extended Kalman filtering is a common approach to achieve floating base estimation of a humanoid robot. These filters rely on measurements from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and relative forward kinematics for estimating the base…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Prashanth Ramadoss , Stefano Dafarra , Silvio Traversaro , Daniele Pucci

Implementing dynamic locomotion behaviors on legged robots requires a high-quality state estimation module. Especially when the motion includes flight phases, state-of-the-art approaches fail to produce reliable estimation of the robot…

This study presents an enhanced proprioceptive method for accurate shape estimation of soft robots using only off-the-shelf sensors, ensuring cost-effectiveness and easy applicability. By integrating inertial measurement units (IMUs) with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Dong Heon Han , Mayank Mehta , Runze Zuo , Zachary Wanger , Daniel Bruder

This paper proposes a state estimator for legged robots operating in slippery environments. An Invariant Extended Kalman Filter (InEKF) is implemented to fuse inertial and velocity measurements from a tracking camera and leg kinematic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Sangli Teng , Mark Wilfried Mueller , Koushil Sreenath

This paper investigates the robot state estimation problem within a non-inertial environment. The proposed state estimation approach relaxes the common assumption of static ground in the system modeling. The process and measurement models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zijian He , Sangli Teng , Tzu-Yuan Lin , Maani Ghaffari , Yan Gu

Inertial odometry is an attractive solution to the problem of state estimation for agile quadrotor flight. It is inexpensive, lightweight, and it is not affected by perceptual degradation. However, only relying on the integration of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Giovanni Cioffi , Leonard Bauersfeld , Elia Kaufmann , Davide Scaramuzza

Accurate ground reaction force (GRF) estimation can significantly improve the adaptability of legged robots in various real-world applications. For instance, with estimated GRF and contact kinematics, the locomotion control and planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jiarong Kang , Xiaobin Xiong

Accurate state estimation is crucial for legged robot locomotion, as it provides the necessary information to allow control and navigation. However, it is also challenging, especially in scenarios with uneven and slippery terrain. This…

In this letter, we present tightly coupled LiDAR-IMU-leg odometry, which is robust to challenging conditions such as featureless environments and deformable terrains. We developed an online learning-based leg kinematics model named the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Taku Okawara , Kenji Koide , Aoki Takanose , Shuji Oishi , Masashi Yokozuka , Kentaro Uno , Kazuya Yoshida

State estimation for legged locomotion over a dynamic rigid surface (DRS), which is a rigid surface moving in the world frame (e.g., ships, aircraft, and trains), remains an under-explored problem. This paper introduces an invariant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Yuan Gao , Chengzhi Yuan , Yan Gu

In this paper, we present a novel factor graph formulation to estimate the pose and velocity of a quadruped robot on slippery and deformable terrain. The factor graph introduces a preintegrated velocity factor that incorporates velocity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-22 David Wisth , Marco Camurri , Maurice Fallon

Foot-mounted inertial sensors become popular in many indoor or GPS-denied applications, including but not limited to medical monitoring, gait analysis, soldier and first responder positioning. However, the foot-mounted inertial navigation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Maoran Zhu , Yuanxin Wu , Shitu Luo

As bipedal robots become more and more popular in commercial and industrial settings, the ability to control them with a high degree of reliability is critical. To that end, this paper considers how to accurately estimate which feet are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 J. Joe Payne , Daniel A. Hagen , Denis Garagić , Aaron M. Johnson

Legged robots require knowledge of pose and velocity in order to maintain stability and execute walking paths. Current solutions either rely on vision data, which is susceptible to environmental and lighting conditions, or fusion of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Ross Hartley , Maani Ghaffari , Ryan M. Eustice , Jessy W. Grizzle

In order to make robots more useful in a variety of environments, they need to be highly portable so that they can be transported to wherever they are needed, and highly storable so that they can be stored when not in use. We propose…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hiroya Sato , Tasuku Makabe , Iori Yanokura , Naoya Yamaguchi , Kei Okada , Masayuki Inaba

Accurate proprioceptive odometry is fundamental for legged robot navigation in GPS-denied and visually degraded environments where conventional visual odometry systems fail. Current approaches face critical limitations: analytical filtering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Changsheng Luo , Yushi Wang , Wenhan Cai , Mingguo Zhao

Inertial measurement units (IMUs), which provide high-frequency linear acceleration and angular velocity measurements, serve as fundamental sensing modalities in robotic systems. Recent advances in deep neural networks have led to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Jiwon Choi , Hogyun Kim , Geonmo Yang , Juhui Lee , Younggun Cho

Inertial odometry (IO) using strap-down inertial measurement units (IMUs) is critical in many robotic applications where precise orientation and position tracking are essential. Prior kinematic motion model-based IO methods often use a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Yuheng Qiu , Chen Wang , Can Xu , Yutian Chen , Xunfei Zhou , Youjie Xia , Sebastian Scherer