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Related papers: Holistic Grid-Forming Control to Enhance the Frequ…

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HVDC-connected offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) are expected to provide inertial response and frequency containment reserve (FCR) to help address the frequency control challenges caused by the growing penetration of power electronics in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Zhenghua Xu , Dominic Gross , George Alin Raducu , Hesam Khazraj , Nicolaos A. Cutululis

Grid-forming control (GFC) has seen numerous technological advances in their control types, applications, and the multitude of services they provide. Some examples of the services they provide include black start, inertial frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Sulav Ghimire , Kanakesh V Kkuni , Simon C Jakobsen , Thyge Knueppel , Kim H Jensen , Emerson Guest , Tonny W Rasmussen , Guangya Yang

This paper studies control interactions between grid-forming (GFM) converters exhibited by power and frequency oscillations in a weakly connected offshore wind power plant (WPP). Two GFM controls are considered, namely virtual synchronous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Sulav Ghimire , Kanakesh V. Kkuni , Gabriel M. G. Guerreiro , Emerson D. Guest , Kim H. Jensen , Guangya Yang

The increasing integration of renewable energy, particularly offshore wind, introduces significant uncertainty into hybrid AC-HVDC systems due to forecast errors and power fluctuations. Conventional control strategies typically rely on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-30 Hongjin Du , Rahul Rane , Weijie Xia , Pedro P. Vergara , Aleksandra Lekić

This paper proposes a new strategy for optimal grid frequency regulation (FR) in an interconnected power system where regional ac grids and an offshore wind farm are linked via a multi-terminal high voltage direct-current (MTDC) network. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-10 Young-Jin Kim

High penetration of wind power with conventional grid following controls for inverter-based wind turbine generators (WTGs) weakens the power grid, challenging the power system stability. Grid-forming (GFM) controls are emerging technologies…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-02 Thai-Thanh Nguyen , Tuyen Vu , Sumit Paudyal , Frede Blaabjerg , Thanh Long Vu

The renewable energy is connected to the power grid through power electronic converters, which are lack of make the inertia of synchronous generator/machine (SM) be lost. The increasing penetration of renewable energy in power system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-15 Yuan Gao , Hai-Peng Ren , Jie Li

The diode rectifier unit-based high voltage direct current (DRU-HVDC) transmission with grid-forming (GFM) wind turbine is becoming a promising scheme for offshore wind farm(OWF) integration due to its high reliability and low cost. In this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Zhekai Li , Kun Han , Xu Cai , Renxin Yang , Haotian Yu , Kepeng Xia , Lulu Liu

In power systems with high penetration of power electronics, grid-forming control is proposed to replace traditional Grid-Following Converter (GFL) in order to improve the overall system strength and resist small-signal instability in weak…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-31 Guoxuan Cui , Zhongda Chu , Fei Teng

The grid-forming converter is an important unit in the future power system with more inverter-interfaced generators. However, improving its performance is still a key challenge. This paper proposes a generalized architecture of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-14 Meng Chen , Dao Zhou , Ali Tayyebi , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Florian Dörfler , Frede Blaabjerg

This paper investigates the design and analysis of a novel grid-forming (GFM) control method for grid-connected converters (GCCs). The core novelty lies in a virtual flux observer-based synchronization and load angle control method. The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Xueqing Gao , Jun Zhang , Tao Li , Mingming Zhang

A multi-input multi-output based grid-forming (MIMO-GFM) converter has been proposed using multivariable feedback control, which has been proven as a superior and robust system using low-order controllers. However, the original MIMO-GFM…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-05 Meng Chen , Dao Zhou , Frede Blaabjerg

In this work, we investigate grid-forming (GFM) control for dc/ac power converters in emerging power systems that contain ac and dc networks, renewable generation, and conventional generation. We propose a novel power-balancing GFM control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-20 Irina Subotić , Dominic Groß

Modular Multilevel Converter-based High Voltage Direct Current (MMC-HVDC) system is a promising technology for integration of offshore wind farms (OWFs). However, onshore AC faults on MMC-HVDC reduce the power transfer capability of onshore…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Dileep Kumar , Wajiha Shireen

This work investigates the transient and dynamical behavior of hybrid AC/DC systems using dual-port grid-forming (GFM) control. A generalized modeling framework for hybrid AC/DC networks is first introduced that accounts for converter,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Irina Subotić , Dominic Groß , Alexander Winkens , Julian Jansen , Florian Klein-Helmkamp , Andreas Ulbig

Future power systems will include high shares of inverter-based generation. There is a general consensus that for allowing this transition, the Grid-Forming (GFM) control approach would be of great value. This article presents a GFM control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-08 Julian Freytes , Antoine Rossé , Valentin Costan , Grégoire Prime

In this work, we investigate grid-forming (GFM) control for dc/ac voltage source converters (VSC) under unbalanced system conditions and unbalanced faults. To fully leverage the degrees of freedom of VSCs, we introduce the concept of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-31 Prajwal Bhagwat , Dominic Groß

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) are set to significantly contribute to global decarbonization efforts. Developers often use a sequential approach to optimize design variables and market participation for grid-integrated offshore wind farms.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-14 Himanshu Sharma , Wei Wang , Bowen Huang , Buxin She , Thiagarajan Ramachandaran

The classic design of grid-forming control strategies for power converters rely on the stringent assumption of the timescale separation between DC and AC states and their corresponding control loops, e.g., AC and DC loops, power and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-05 Meng Chen , Dao Zhou , Ali Tayyebi , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Florian Dörfler , Frede Blaabjerg

We present a novel, integrated control framework designed to achieve seamless transitions among a spectrum of inverter operation modes. The operation spectrum includes grid-forming (GFM), grid-following (GFL), static synchronous compensator…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-14 Alireza Askarian , Jaesang Park , Srinivasa Salapaka
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