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Large language models (LLMs) have improved significantly in their reasoning through extensive training on massive datasets. However, relying solely on additional data for improvement is becoming increasingly impractical, highlighting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Gaurav Srivastava , Zhenyu Bi , Meng Lu , Xuan Wang

This paper introduces a novel approach to creating adaptive language agents by integrating active inference with large language models (LLMs). While LLMs demonstrate remarkable capabilities, their reliance on static prompts limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Rithvik Prakki

Large language model (LLM) based recommendation agents personalize what they know through evolving per-user semantic memory, yet how they reason remains a universal, static system prompt shared identically across all users. This asymmetry…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhen Tao , Riwei Lai , Chenyun Yu , Weixin Chen , Li Chen , Beibei Kong , Lei Cheng , Chengxiang Zhuo , Zang Li , Qingqiang Sun

Recent advances in large language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in task-oriented applications, yet building emotionally intelligent chatbots that can engage in natural, strategic conversations remains a challenge. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Yizhe Zhang , Navdeep Jaitly

Self-Rewarding Language Models propose an architecture in which the Large Language Models(LLMs) both generates responses and evaluates its own outputs via LLM-as-a-Judge prompting, dynamically improving its generative capabilities through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yidong Wang , Xin Wang , Cunxiang Wang , Junfeng Fang , Qiufeng Wang , Jianing Chu , Xuran Meng , Shuxun Yang , Libo Qin , Yue Zhang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Multi-agent systems with smaller language models (SLMs) present a viable alternative to single agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) for addressing complex problems. In this work, we study how these alternatives compare in…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in teams, yet existing coordination approaches often occupy two extremes. Highly structured methods rely on fixed roles, pipelines, or task decompositions assigned a priori. In…

Large language models have recently demonstrated remarkable abilities to self-correct their responses through iterative refinement, often referred to as self-consistency or self-reflection. However, the dynamics of this self-correction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Hossein A. Rahmani , Satyapriya Krishna , Xi Wang , Mohammadmehdi Naghiaei , Emine Yilmaz

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation but remain heavily reliant on large-scale annotated solutions and verification-based supervision, which constrains scalability and hinders sustained self-improvement. Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yixu Huang , Xinglei Yu , Zhongyu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) show strong performance across natural language processing (NLP), mathematical reasoning, and programming, and recent large reasoning models (LRMs) further emphasize explicit reasoning. Yet their computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Hyundong Jin , Joonghyuk Hahn , Yo-Sub Han

9-1-1 call-taking training requires mastery of over a thousand interdependent skills, covering diverse incident types and protocol-specific nuances. A nationwide labor shortage is already straining training capacity, but effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Zirong Chen , Hongchao Zhang , Meiyi Ma

This paper presents a benchmark self-evolving framework to dynamically evaluate rapidly advancing Large Language Models (LLMs), aiming for a more accurate assessment of their capabilities and limitations. We utilize a multi-agent system to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Siyuan Wang , Zhuohan Long , Zhihao Fan , Zhongyu Wei , Xuanjing Huang

Test-time Scaling (TTS) has been demonstrated to significantly enhance the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) during the inference phase without altering model parameters. However, existing TTS methods are largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Guibin Zhang , Fanci Meng , Guancheng Wan , Zherui Li , Kun Wang , Zhenfei Yin , Lei Bai , Shuicheng Yan

Speech-to-Speech (S2S) Large Language Models (LLMs) are foundational to natural human-computer interaction, enabling end-to-end spoken dialogue systems. However, evaluating these models remains a fundamental challenge. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yuan Ge , Junxiang Zhang , Xiaoqian Liu , Bei Li , Xiangnan Ma , Chenglong Wang , Kaiyang Ye , Yangfan Du , Linfeng Zhang , Yuxin Huang , Tong Xiao , Zhengtao Yu , JingBo Zhu

Self-evolving memory systems are unprecedentedly reshaping the evolutionary paradigm of large language model (LLM)-based agents. Prior work has predominantly relied on manually engineered memory architectures to store trajectories, distill…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Guibin Zhang , Haotian Ren , Chong Zhan , Zhenhong Zhou , Junhao Wang , He Zhu , Wangchunshu Zhou , Shuicheng Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable proficiency in addressing a diverse array of tasks within the Natural Language Processing (NLP) domain, with various prompt design strategies significantly augmenting their capabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Xiangyu Zhao , Chengqian Ma

While large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and PaLM have demonstrated remarkable performance in various language understanding and generation tasks, their capabilities in complex reasoning and intricate knowledge utilization still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Haodi Zhang , Min Cai , Xinhe Zhang , Chen Jason Zhang , Rui Mao , Kaishun Wu

Speech representations learned from Self-supervised learning (SSL) models can benefit various speech processing tasks. However, utilizing SSL representations usually requires fine-tuning the pre-trained models or designing task-specific…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Kai-Wei Chang , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

Inference-time compute scaling has emerged as a powerful technique for improving the reliability of large language model (LLM) agents, but existing methods apply compute uniformly: every decision step receives the same budget regardless of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Khushal Sethi

Large language models (LLMs) are largely static and often redo reasoning or repeat mistakes. Prior experience reuse typically relies on external retrieval, which is similarity-based, can introduce noise, and adds latency. We introduce SEAM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xuancheng Li , Haitao Li , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu , Qingyao Ai