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Score-based generative modeling (SGM) has grown to be a hugely successful method for learning to generate samples from complex data distributions such as that of images and audio. It is based on evolving an SDE that transforms white noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Holden Lee , Jianfeng Lu , Yixin Tan

We propose Noise Conditional Variational Score Distillation (NCVSD), a novel method for distilling pretrained diffusion models into generative denoisers. We achieve this by revealing that the unconditional score function implicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xinyu Peng , Ziyang Zheng , Yaoming Wang , Han Li , Nuowen Kan , Wenrui Dai , Chenglin Li , Junni Zou , Hongkai Xiong

Discrete diffusion models (DDMs) are a powerful class of generative models for categorical data, but they typically require many function evaluations for a single sample, making inference expensive. Existing acceleration methods either rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yansong Gao , Yu Sun

With the remarkable advent of text-to-image diffusion models, image editing methods have become more diverse and continue to evolve. A promising recent approach in this realm is Delta Denoising Score (DDS) - an image editing technique based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Hyelin Nam , Gihyun Kwon , Geon Yeong Park , Jong Chul Ye

Patient scans from MRI often suffer from noise, which hampers the diagnostic capability of such images. As a method to mitigate such artifact, denoising is largely studied both within the medical imaging community and beyond the community…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-25 Hyungjin Chung , Eun Sun Lee , Jong Chul Ye

We present an information-theoretic framework for discrete diffusion models that yields principled estimators of log-likelihood using score-matching losses. Inspired by the I-MMSE identity for the Gaussian setup, we derive analogous results…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Moongyu Jeon , Sangwoo Shin , Dongjae Jeon , Albert No

We provide theoretical convergence guarantees for score-based generative models (SGMs) such as denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs), which constitute the backbone of large-scale real-world generative models such as DALL$\cdot$E…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Sitan Chen , Sinho Chewi , Jerry Li , Yuanzhi Li , Adil Salim , Anru R. Zhang

Diffusion models are widely used in applications ranging from image generation to inverse problems. However, training diffusion models typically requires clean ground-truth images, which are unavailable in many applications. We introduce…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Chicago Y. Park , Shirin Shoushtari , Hongyu An , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

We study the asymptotic error of score-based diffusion model sampling in large-sample scenarios from a non-parametric statistics perspective. We show that a kernel-based score estimator achieves an optimal mean square error of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-25 Kaihong Zhang , Caitlyn H. Yin , Feng Liang , Jingbo Liu

Diffusion models are gaining widespread use in cutting-edge image, video, and audio generation. Score-based diffusion models stand out among these methods, necessitating the estimation of score function of the input data distribution. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Fangzhao Zhang , Mert Pilanci

Text-to-3D generation based on score distillation of pre-trained 2D diffusion models has gained increasing interest, with variational score distillation (VSD) as a remarkable example. VSD proves that vanilla score distillation can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yu Lei , Bingde Liu , Qingsong Xie , Haonan Lu , Zhijie Deng

Generative modeling aims to produce new random examples from an unknown target distribution, given access to a finite collection of examples. Among the leading approaches, denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) construct such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-12 Vahan Arsenyan , Elen Vardanyan , Arnak Dalalyan

Video anomaly detection (VAD) is an important computer vision problem. Thanks to the mode coverage capabilities of generative models, the likelihood-based paradigm is catching growing interest, as it can model normal distribution and detect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hanwen Zhang , Congqi Cao , Qinyi Lv , Lingtong Min , Yanning Zhang

Score diffusion methods can learn probability densities from samples. The score of the noise-corrupted density is estimated using a deep neural network, which is then used to iteratively transport a Gaussian white noise density to a target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Zahra Kadkhodaie , Stéphane Mallat , Eero P. Simoncelli

We study the inductive biases of diffusion models with a conditioning-variable, which have seen widespread application as both text-conditioned generative image models and observation-conditioned continuous control policies. We observe that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Daniel Pfrommer , Zehao Dou , Christopher Scarvelis , Max Simchowitz , Ali Jadbabaie

Score-based diffusion models represent a significant variant within the diffusion model family and have seen extensive application in the increasingly popular domain of generative tasks. Recent investigations have explored the denoising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-26 Hao Mo , Yaping Sun , Shumin Yao , Hao Chen , Zhiyong Chen , Xiaodong Xu , Nan Ma , Meixia Tao , Shuguang Cui

Diffusion models achieve high-quality image generation but are limited by slow iterative sampling. Distillation methods alleviate this by enabling one- or few-step generation. Flow matching, originally introduced as a distinct framework,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Mingyuan Zhou , Yi Gu , Huangjie Zheng , Liangchen Song , Guande He , Yizhe Zhang , Wenze Hu , Yinfei Yang

Diffusion models have emerged as one of the most promising frameworks for deep generative modeling. In this work, we explore the potential of non-uniform diffusion models. We show that non-uniform diffusion leads to multi-scale diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Georgios Batzolis , Jan Stanczuk , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Christian Etmann

Score-based methods, such as diffusion models and Bayesian inverse problems, are often interpreted as learning the data distribution in the low-noise limit ($\sigma \to 0$). In this work, we propose an alternative perspective: their success…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Xiang Li , Zebang Shen , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Niao He

We study the theoretical behavior of denoising score matching--the learning task associated to diffusion models--when the data distribution is supported on a low-dimensional manifold and the score is parameterized using a random feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Anand Jerry George , Nicolas Macris
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