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Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly leverage long term memory to support persistent and autonomous task execution. However, this capability also introduces a new attack surface: memory poisoning, where adversaries can inject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hongtao Wang , Se Yang , Yu Chen , Puzhuo Liu

Neural models enjoy widespread use across a variety of tasks and have grown to become crucial components of many industrial systems. Despite their effectiveness and extensive popularity, they are not without their exploitable flaws.…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Krishan Rajaratnam , Jugal Kalita

Many safety and alignment failures of large language models (LLMs) occur due to out-of-distribution (OOD) situations: unusual prompt or response patterns that are unforeseen by model developers. We systematically study whether LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Dylan Feng , Pragya Srivastava , Anca Dragan , Cassidy Laidlaw

Long-term memory is essential for persistent LLM agents, yet prevailing architectures store historical interactions as unstructured, flat text. This unconstrained storage induces provenance-role collapse, a critical failure mode where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhengda Jin , Bingbing Wang , Jing Li , Ruifeng Xu , Min Zhang

Deep reinforcement learning has shown promising results in learning control policies for complex sequential decision-making tasks. However, these neural network-based policies are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-04 Yen-Chen Lin , Ming-Yu Liu , Min Sun , Jia-Bin Huang

The inherent non-deterministic nature of autonomous agents, particularly within low-code/no-code (LCNC) environments, presents significant reliability challenges. Agents can become trapped in unforeseen loops, generate inaccurate outputs,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jiexi Xu

Multi-agent systems extend large language models (LLMs) by decomposing tasks among specialized agents, but their distributed decision process creates new attack surfaces. We identify semantic hijacking, an attack in which harmful requests…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qiqi Liu , Thorsten Holz , Shilin Ye , Runhan Song

Large language models are increasingly augmented with persistent memory, allowing assistants to store user-specific information across sessions for personalization and continuity. This statefulness introduces a new security risk:…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sidharth Pulipaka , Stanislau Hlebik , Leonidas Raghav , Sahar Abdelnabi , Vyas Raina , Ivaxi Sheth , Mario Fritz

Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly used to perform complex, multi-step workflows in regulated settings such as compliance and due diligence. However, many agentic architectures rely primarily on prompt engineering of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ananya Joshi , Michael Rudow

Long-term memory has emerged as a foundational component of autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents, enabling continuous adaptation, lifelong multimodal learning, and sophisticated reasoning. However, as memory systems transition from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Chingkwun Lam , Jiaxin Li , Lingfei Zhang , Kuo Zhao

Evolving AI systems increasingly deploy multi-agent architectures where autonomous agents collaborate, share information, and delegate tasks through developing protocols. This connectivity, while powerful, introduces novel security risks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Gauri Sharma , Vidhi Kulkarni , Miles King , Ken Huang

Frontier AI systems are increasingly capable and deployed in high-stakes multi-agent environments. However, existing AI safety benchmarks largely evaluate single agents, leaving multi-agent risks such as coordination failure and conflict…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Pepijn Cobben , Xuanqiang Angelo Huang , Thao Amelia Pham , Isabel Dahlgren , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Zhijing Jin

LLM agents have demonstrated remarkable performance across various applications, primarily due to their advanced capabilities in reasoning, utilizing external knowledge and tools, calling APIs, and executing actions to interact with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Zhaorun Chen , Zhen Xiang , Chaowei Xiao , Dawn Song , Bo Li

This paper examines a critical yet unexplored dimension of the AI alignment problem: the potential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to inherit and amplify existing misalignments between human espoused theories and theories-in-use. Drawing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Tim Rogers , Ben Teehankee

How much does a machine learning algorithm leak about its training data, and why? Membership inference attacks are used as an auditing tool to quantify this leakage. In this paper, we present a comprehensive \textit{hypothesis testing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Jiayuan Ye , Aadyaa Maddi , Sasi Kumar Murakonda , Vincent Bindschaedler , Reza Shokri

Indiscriminate data poisoning attacks aim to decrease a model's test accuracy by injecting a small amount of corrupted training data. Despite significant interest, existing attacks remain relatively ineffective against modern machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yiwei Lu , Gautam Kamath , Yaoliang Yu

While large language models are capable diagnostic tools, the impact of multi-agent topology on diagnostic accuracy remains underexplored. This study evaluates four agent topologies, Control (single agent), Hierarchical, Adversarial, and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ahmed Almasoud

Autonomous AI agents powered by large language models are being deployed in production with capabilities including shell execution, file system access, database queries, and multi-party communication. Recent red teaming research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Saikat Maiti

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external tools (file operations, API calls, database transactions) to autonomously complete complex multi-step tasks. Practitioners deploy defense-trained models to protect against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Shawn Li , Yue Zhao

We introduce Cognitive Degradation as a novel vulnerability class in agentic AI systems. Unlike traditional adversarial external threats such as prompt injection, these failures originate internally, arising from memory starvation, planner…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hammad Atta , Muhammad Zeeshan Baig , Yasir Mehmood , Nadeem Shahzad , Ken Huang , Muhammad Aziz Ul Haq , Muhammad Awais , Kamal Ahmed
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