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Related papers: Tokenisation via Convex Relaxations

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Tokenization is a crucial step in processing protein sequences for machine learning models, as proteins are complex sequences of amino acids that require meaningful segmentation to capture their functional and structural properties.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Burak Suyunu , Enes Taylan , Arzucan Özgür

Cyclic arbitrage chances exist abundantly among decentralized exchanges (DEXs), like Uniswap V2. For an arbitrage cycle (loop), researchers or practitioners usually choose a specific token, such as Ether as input, and optimize their input…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-25 Yu Zhang , Zichen Li , Tao Yan , Qianyu Liu , Nicolo Vallarano , Claudio Tessone

Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) serves as a foundation method for text tokenization in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field. Despite its wide adoption, the original BPE algorithm harbors an inherent flaw: it inadvertently introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Haoran Lian , Yizhe Xiong , Jianwei Niu , Shasha Mo , Zhenpeng Su , Zijia Lin , Hui Chen , Peng Liu , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Tokenization is fundamental in assembly code analysis, impacting intrinsic characteristics like vocabulary size, semantic coverage, and extrinsic performance in downstream tasks. Despite its significance, tokenization in the context of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ahmed Mostafa , Raisul Arefin Nahid , Samuel Mulder

In neural machine translation (NMT), it is has become standard to translate using subword units to allow for an open vocabulary and improve accuracy on infrequent words. Byte-pair encoding (BPE) and its variants are the predominant approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Elizabeth Salesky , Andrew Runge , Alex Coda , Jan Niehues , Graham Neubig

Robust tensor recovery plays an instrumental role in robustifying tensor decompositions for multilinear data analysis against outliers, gross corruptions and missing values and has a diverse array of applications. In this paper, we study…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-08-26 Donald Goldfarb , Zhiwei Qin

Tokenization is an important first step in Natural Language Processing (NLP) pipelines because it decides how models learn and represent linguistic information. However, current subword tokenizers like SentencePiece or HuggingFace BPE are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Firoj Ahmmed Patwary , Abdullah Al Noman

This paper introduces Thunder-Tok, a new Korean tokenizer designed to reduce token fertility without compromising model performance. Our approach uses a rule-based pre-tokenization method that aligns with the linguistic structure of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Gyeongje Cho , Yeonkyoun So , Chanwoo Park , Sangmin Lee , Sungmok Jung , Jaejin Lee

The relationship between tokenizer algorithm (e.g., Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE), Unigram), morphological alignment, tokenization quality (e.g., compression efficiency), and downstream performance remains largely unclear, particularly for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Saketh Reddy Vemula , Sandipan Dandapat , Dipti Misra Sharma , Parameswari Krishnamurthy

Multi-token prediction (MTP) has been proposed as an auxiliary objective to improve next-token prediction (NTP) in language model training but shows inconsistent improvements, underperforming in standard NLP benchmarks. We found MTP's exact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zayd M. K. Zuhri , Erland Hilman Fuadi , Alham Fikri Aji

Tensor decomposition has been extensively used as a tool for exploratory analysis. Motivated by neuroscience applications, we study tensor decomposition with Boolean factors. The resulting optimization problem is challenging due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Sung-En Chang , Xun Zheng , Ian E. H. Yen , Pradeep Ravikumar , Rose Yu

This article reviews recent advances in convex optimization algorithms for Big Data, which aim to reduce the computational, storage, and communications bottlenecks. We provide an overview of this emerging field, describe contemporary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-11-05 Volkan Cevher , Stephen Becker , Mark Schmidt

We present a novel procedure for optimization based on the combination of efficient quantized tensor train representation and a generalized maximum matrix volume principle. We demonstrate the applicability of the new Tensor Train Optimizer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Konstantin Sozykin , Andrei Chertkov , Roman Schutski , Anh-Huy Phan , Andrzej Cichocki , Ivan Oseledets

The choice of tokenizer can profoundly impact language model performance, yet accessible and reliable evaluations of tokenizer quality remain an open challenge. Inspired by scaling consistency, we show that smaller models can accurately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jonas F. Lotz , António V. Lopes , Stephan Peitz , Hendra Setiawan , Leonardo Emili

Most current popular subword tokenizers are trained based on word frequency statistics over a corpus, without considering information about co-occurrence or context. Nevertheless, the resulting vocabularies are used in language models'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Shaked Yehezkel , Yuval Pinter

Tokenization -- the process of decomposing a given text into a sequence of subwords called tokens -- is one of the key components in the development of language models. Particularly, auto-regressive language models generate texts token by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Daiki Chijiwa , Taku Hasegawa , Kyosuke Nishida , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Tomoya Ohba , Tamao Sakao , Susumu Takeuchi

Superlinear convergence has been an elusive goal for black-box nonsmooth optimization. Even in the convex case, the subgradient method is very slow, and while some cutting plane algorithms, including traditional bundle methods, are popular…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Adrian Lewis , Calvin Wylie

In traditional conversational intelligence from speech, a cascaded pipeline is used, involving tasks such as voice activity detection, diarization, transcription, and subsequent processing with different NLP models for tasks like semantic…

Tokenization is a foundational step in the text process of Large Language Models (LLMs). Texts must be first tokenized into token IDs, which are then input to LLMs. Inefficient tokenization results in long token-ID sequences and will slow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chong Li , Yingzhuo Deng , Wen Yang , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Many problems can be formulated as recovering a low-rank tensor. Although an increasingly common task, tensor recovery remains a challenging problem because of the delicacy associated with the decomposition of higher order tensors. To…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-09 Ming Yuan , Cun-Hui Zhang