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Large Language Model (LLM) has gained popularity and achieved remarkable results in open-domain tasks, but its performance in real industrial domain-specific scenarios is average due to its lack of specific domain knowledge. This issue has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Fangkai Yang , Pu Zhao , Zezhong Wang , Lu Wang , Jue Zhang , Mohit Garg , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

This paper presents MobQA, a benchmark dataset designed to evaluate the semantic understanding capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for human mobility data through natural language question answering. While existing models excel at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Hikaru Asano , Hiroki Ouchi , Akira Kasuga , Ryo Yonetani

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal models (MMs) have demonstrated their remarkable capabilities in problem-solving. Yet, their proficiency in tackling geometry math problems, which necessitates an integrated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Jiaxin Zhang , Zhongzhi Li , Mingliang Zhang , Fei Yin , Chenglin Liu , Yashar Moshfeghi

Recent advancements in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong potential for autonomous driving tasks. However, their spatial understanding and reasoning-key capabilities for autonomous driving-still exhibit significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kexin Tian , Jingrui Mao , Yunlong Zhang , Jiwan Jiang , Yang Zhou , Zhengzhong Tu

Spatiotemporal relationships are critical in data science, as many prediction and reasoning tasks require analysis across both spatial and temporal dimensions--for instance, navigating an unfamiliar city involves planning itineraries that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Xiao Han , Dayan Pan , Xiangyu Zhao , Xuyuan Hu , Zhaolin Deng , Xiangjie Kong , Guojiang Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) provide flexible natural language processing capabilities, while knowledge graphs (KGs) offer explicit and structured knowledge. Integrating these two in a complementary manner enables the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shusaku Egami , Aoi Ohta , Tomoki Tsujimura , Masaki Asada , Tatsuya Ishigaki , Ken Fukuda , Masahiro Hamasaki , Hiroya Takamura

Objective: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in biomedical settings, and existing benchmark datasets have played an important role in supporting model development and evaluation. However, these benchmarks often have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kriti Bhattarai , Vipina K. Keloth , Donald Wright , Andrew Loza , Yang Ren , Hua Xu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) advance, their potential for widespread societal impact grows simultaneously. Hence, rigorous LLM evaluations are both a technical necessity and social imperative. While numerous evaluation benchmarks have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jaime Raldua Veuthey , Zainab Ali Majid , Suhas Hariharan , Jacob Haimes

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable vision-language capabilities, primarily due to the exceptional in-context understanding and multi-task learning strengths of large language models (LLMs). The advent of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Jianing Li , Xi Nan , Ming Lu , Li Du , Shanghang Zhang

Semantic consistency of a language model is broadly defined as the model's ability to produce semantically-equivalent outputs, given semantically-equivalent inputs. We address the task of assessing question-answering (QA) semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Ella Rabinovich , Samuel Ackerman , Orna Raz , Eitan Farchi , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across software engineering tasks, including question answering (QA). However, most studies and benchmarks focus on isolated functions or single-file snippets, overlooking the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yoseph Berhanu Alebachew , Hunter Leary , Swanand Vaishampayan , Chris Brown

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in natural language to SQL (NL2SQL) tasks within general databases. However, extending to GeoSQL introduces additional complexity from spatial data types, function invocation, and…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Shuyang Hou , Haoyue Jiao , Ziqi Liu , Lutong Xie , Guanyu Chen , Shaowen Wu , Xuefeng Guan , Huayi Wu

Three-dimensional geospatial analysis is critical for applications in urban planning, climate adaptation, and environmental assessment. However, current methodologies depend on costly, specialized sensors, such as LiDAR and multispectral…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Mai Tsujimoto , Junjue Wang , Weihao Xuan , Naoto Yokoya

Understanding 3D spatial relationships remains a major limitation of current Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Prior work has addressed this issue by creating spatial question-answering (QA) datasets based on single images or indoor videos.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Mohsen Gholami , Ahmad Rezaei , Zhou Weimin , Sitong Mao , Shunbo Zhou , Yong Zhang , Mohammad Akbari

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well on unseen tasks in English, but their abilities in non English languages are less explored due to limited benchmarks and training data. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Indic QA Benchmark, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Abhishek Kumar Singh , Vishwajeet kumar , Rudra Murthy , Jaydeep Sen , Ashish Mittal , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Mapping and navigation services like Google Maps, Apple Maps, OpenStreetMap, are essential for accessing various location-based data, yet they often struggle to handle natural language geospatial queries. Recent advancements in Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Mahir Labib Dihan , Mohammed Eunus Ali , Md Rizwan Parvez

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in Open-domain question answering (ODQA), yet most evaluations focus on English and assume locale-invariant answers across languages. This assumption neglects the cultural and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Keon-Woo Roh , Yeong-Joon Ju , Seong-Whan Lee

Question Answering (QA) is the task of automatically answering questions posed by humans in natural languages. There are different settings to answer a question, such as abstractive, extractive, boolean, and multiple-choice QA. As a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Zhichao Duan , Xiuxing Li , Zhengyan Zhang , Zhenyu Li , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

Recent advancements in Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning have enabled the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), which have significantly advanced the state-of-the-art across a wide range of tasks, including Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Charalampos Mastrokostas , Nikolaos Giarelis , Nikos Karacapilidis

With the recent spike in the number and availability of Large Language Models (LLMs), it has become increasingly important to provide large and realistic benchmarks for evaluating Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) systems. So far…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Catherine Kosten , Philippe Cudré-Mauroux , Kurt Stockinger