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Formalizing mathematical proofs using computerized verification languages like Lean 4 has the potential to significantly impact the field of mathematics, it offers prominent capabilities for advancing mathematical reasoning. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Xichen Tang

We present Prover Agent, a novel AI agent for automated theorem proving that integrates large language models (LLMs) with a formal proof assistant, Lean. Prover Agent coordinates an informal reasoning LLM, a formal prover model, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Kaito Baba , Chaoran Liu , Shuhei Kurita , Akiyoshi Sannai

As artificial intelligence (AI) gains greater adoption in a wide variety of applications, it has immense potential to contribute to mathematical discovery, by guiding conjecture generation, constructing counterexamples, assisting in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Hassen Saidi , Susmit Jha , Tuhin Sahai

Mathematical reasoning and optimization are fundamental to artificial intelligence and computational problem-solving. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved AI-driven mathematical reasoning, theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ali Forootani

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have made significant progress in mathematical capabilities in recent times. However, these successes have been primarily confined to competition-level problems. In this work, we propose AI Mathematician (AIM)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yuanhang Liu , Yanxing Huang , Yanqiao Wang , Peng Li , Yang Liu

The research in AI-based formal mathematical reasoning has shown an unstoppable growth trend. These studies have excelled in mathematical competitions like IMO and have made significant progress. This paper focuses on formal verification,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jialun Cao , Yaojie Lu , Meiziniu Li , Haoyang Ma , Haokun Li , Mengda He , Cheng Wen , Le Sun , Hongyu Zhang , Shengchao Qin , Shing-Chi Cheung , Cong Tian

As automated reasoning systems advance rapidly, there is a growing need for research-level formal mathematical problems to accurately evaluate their capabilities. To address this, we present Formal Conjectures, an evolving benchmark of…

Proof engineering is notoriously labor-intensive: proofs that are straightforward on paper often require lengthy scripts in theorem provers. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) create new opportunities for proof automation:…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yichen Xu , Martin Odersky

Verification is one of the central tasks in circuit and system design. While simulation and emulation are widely used, complete correctness can only be ensured based on formal proof techniques. But these approaches often have very high run…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rolf Drechsler

Proof assistants like Lean have revolutionized mathematical proof verification, ensuring high accuracy and reliability. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in mathematical reasoning, their advancement in formal theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Huajian Xin , Daya Guo , Zhihong Shao , Zhizhou Ren , Qihao Zhu , Bo Liu , Chong Ruan , Wenda Li , Xiaodan Liang

Informal mathematics has been central to modern large language model (LLM) reasoning, offering flexibility and enabling efficient construction of arguments. However, purely informal reasoning is prone to logical gaps and subtle errors that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Azim Ospanov , Zijin Feng , Jiacheng Sun , Haoli Bai , Xin Shen , Farzan Farnia

Formal mathematical reasoning remains a critical challenge for artificial intelligence, hindered by limitations of existing benchmarks in scope and scale. To address this, we present FormalMATH, a large-scale Lean4 benchmark comprising…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across various natural language processing tasks, yet their proficiency in mathematical reasoning remains a key challenge. Addressing the gap between natural and mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xuhan Huang , Qingning Shen , Yan Hu , Anningzhe Gao , Benyou Wang

Using AI to write formal proofs for mathematical problems is a challenging task that has seen some advancements in recent years. Automated systems such as Lean can verify the correctness of proofs written in formal language, yet writing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Roozbeh Yousefzadeh , Xuenan Cao , Azim Ospanov

Mathematical problem-solving is a key field in artificial intelligence (AI) and a critical benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While extensive research has focused on mathematical problem-solving, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ziye Chen , Hao Qi

With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), large language models (LLM) are widely used in many fields. However, the reasoning ability of LLM is still very limited when it comes to mathematical reasoning. Mathematics plays an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Wenbei Xie , Donglin Liu , Haoran Yan , Wenjie Wu , Zongyang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in generating mathematical proofs. However, a persistent challenge is that LLMs occasionally make mistakes, while even a minor mistake can invalidate an entire proof.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-10 David Yin , Jing Gao

Neural theorem proving combines large language models (LLMs) with proof assistants such as Lean, where the correctness of formal proofs can be rigorously verified, leaving no room for hallucination. With existing neural theorem provers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Peiyang Song , Kaiyu Yang , Anima Anandkumar

We investigate how large language models can be used as research tools in scientific computing while preserving mathematical rigor. We propose a human-in-the-loop workflow for interactive theorem proving and discovery with LLMs. Human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Chenyi Li , Zhijian Lai , Dong An , Jiang Hu , Zaiwen Wen

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the practice of science. Machine learning and large language models (LLMs) can generate hypotheses at a scale and speed far exceeding traditional methods, offering the potential to accelerate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Cristina Cornelio , Takuya Ito , Ryan Cory-Wright , Sanjeeb Dash , Lior Horesh
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