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Vision-language-action (VLA) models finetuned from vision-language models (VLMs) hold the promise of leveraging rich pretrained representations to build generalist robots across diverse tasks and environments. However, direct fine-tuning on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Shresth Grover , Akshay Gopalkrishnan , Bo Ai , Henrik I. Christensen , Hao Su , Xuanlin Li

Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hugo Buurmeijer , Carmen Amo Alonso , Aiden Swann , Marco Pavone

To operate effectively in the real world, robots should integrate multimodal reasoning with precise action generation. However, existing vision-language-action (VLA) models often sacrifice one for the other, narrow their abilities to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Shuai Yang , Hao Li , Bin Wang , Yilun Chen , Yang Tian , Tai Wang , Hanqing Wang , Feng Zhao , Yiyi Liao , Jiangmiao Pang

Equipping embodied agents with the ability to reason about tasks, foresee physical outcomes, and generate precise actions is essential for general-purpose manipulation. While recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have leveraged…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show promise in embodied reasoning, yet remain far from true generalists-they often require task-specific fine-tuning, incur high compute costs, and generalize poorly to unseen tasks. We propose MetaVLA,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Chen Li , Zhantao Yang , Han Zhang , Fangyi Chen , Chenchen Zhu , Anudeepsekhar Bolimera , Marios Savvides

We adapt a pre-trained Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model (Open-VLA) for dexterous human-robot collaboration with minimal language prompting. Our approach adds (i) FiLM conditioning to visual backbones for task-aware perception, (ii) an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Boshi An , Chenyu Yang , Robert Katzschmann

Prevalent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are typically built upon Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and demonstrate exceptional proficiency in semantic understanding, but they inherently lack the capability to deduce physical…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for building embodied agents that ground perception and language into action. However, most existing approaches rely on direct action prediction, lacking the ability…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Runze Li , Hongyin Zhang , Junxi Jin , Qixin Zeng , Zifeng Zhuang , Yiqi Tang , Shangke Lyu , Donglin Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently enabled embodied agents to perform increasingly complex tasks by jointly reasoning over visual, linguistic, and motor modalities. However, we find that the prevailing notion of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zhuofan Li , Hongkun Yang , Zhenyang Chen , Yangxuan Chen , Yingyan , Lin , Chaojian Li

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show strong generalization for robotic control, but finetuning them with reinforcement learning (RL) is constrained by the high cost and safety risks of real-world interaction. Training VLA models in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhilong Zhang , Haoxiang Ren , Yihao Sun , Yifei Sheng , Haonan Wang , Haoxin Lin , Zhichao Wu , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Yang Yu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a compelling framework for tackling complex robotic manipulation tasks, but they are often expensive to train. In this paper, we propose a novel VLA approach that leverages the competitive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Max Argus , Jelena Bratulic , Houman Masnavi , Maxim Velikanov , Nick Heppert , Abhinav Valada , Thomas Brox

Recent advancements in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have leveraged pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to improve the generalization capabilities. VLMs, typically pre-trained on vision-language understanding tasks, provide rich…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jianke Zhang , Yanjiang Guo , Yucheng Hu , Xiaoyu Chen , Xiang Zhu , Jianyu Chen

The growing success of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models stems from the promise that pretrained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can endow agents with transferable world knowledge and vision-language (VL) grounding, laying a foundation for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Nikita Kachaev , Mikhail Kolosov , Daniil Zelezetsky , Alexey K. Kovalev , Aleksandr I. Panov

Recent studies on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shifted from the end-to-end action-generation paradigm toward a pipeline involving task planning followed by action generation, demonstrating improved performance on various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Chongkai Gao , Zixuan Liu , Zhenghao Chi , Junshan Huang , Xin Fei , Yiwen Hou , Yuxuan Zhang , Yudi Lin , Zhirui Fang , Zeyu Jiang , Lin Shao

Vision-language-action (VLA) models show potential for general robotic tasks, but remain challenging in spatiotemporally coherent manipulation, which requires fine-grained representations. Typically, existing methods embed 3D positions into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Hanyu Zhou , Chuanhao Ma , Gim Hee Lee

Visual-Language-Action (VLA) models represent a paradigm shift in embodied AI, yet existing frameworks often struggle with imprecise spatial perception, suboptimal multimodal fusion, and instability in reinforcement learning. To bridge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Haoxiang Jie , Yaoyuan Yan , Xiangyu Wei , Kailin Wang , Hongjie Yan , Zhiyou Heng , Daocheng Chen

Recent high-capacity vision-language-action (VLA) models have demonstrated impressive performance on a range of robotic manipulation tasks by imitating human demonstrations. However, exploiting offline data with limited visited states will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Guanxing Lu , Wenkai Guo , Chubin Zhang , Yuheng Zhou , Haonan Jiang , Zifeng Gao , Yansong Tang , Ziwei Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models mark a transformative advancement in artificial intelligence, aiming to unify perception, natural language understanding, and embodied action within a single computational framework. This foundational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ranjan Sapkota , Yang Cao , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

Most existing vision-language-action (VLA) models for robotic manipulation lack progress awareness, typically relying on hand-crafted heuristics for task termination. This limitation is particularly severe in long-horizon tasks involving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hongyu Yan , Qiwei Li , Jiaolong Yang , Yadong Mu

In this paper, we propose GTA-VLA(Guide, Think, Act), an interactive Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework that enables spatially steerable embodied reasoning by allowing users to guide robot policies with explicit visual cues. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yiran Ling , Qing Lian , Jinghang Li , Qing Jiang , Tianming Zhang , Xiaoke Jiang , Chuanxiu Liu , Jie Liu , Lei Zhang