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Multimodal learning leverages the integration of diverse data modalities to enhance performance in complex tasks. Yet, it frequently encounters incomplete or redundant modality data in real-world scenarios. This paper presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Richeng Zhou , Xuelin Zhang , Liyuan Liu

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of two of the most impactful interventions in modern learning from demonstration in robotics and continuous control: the practice of action-chunking (predicting sequences of actions in open-loop)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Thomas T. Zhang , Daniel Pfrommer , Chaoyi Pan , Nikolai Matni , Max Simchowitz

Multimodal learning has seen remarkable progress, particularly with the emergence of large-scale pre-training across various modalities. However, most current approaches are built on the assumption of a deterministic, one-to-one alignment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sanghyuk Chun

In this paper, we leverage the rapid advances in imitation learning, a topic of intense recent focus in the Reinforcement Learning (RL) literature, to develop new sample complexity results and performance guarantees for data-driven Model…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Kwangjun Ahn , Zakaria Mhammedi , Horia Mania , Zhang-Wei Hong , Ali Jadbabaie

Learned locomotion policies can rapidly adapt to diverse environments similar to those experienced during training but lack a mechanism for fast tuning when they fail in an out-of-distribution test environment. This necessitates a slow and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Gabriel B Margolis , Pulkit Agrawal

Evaluating the generalisation capabilities of multimodal models based solely on their performance on out-of-distribution data fails to capture their true robustness. This work introduces a comprehensive evaluation framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Amit Parekh , Nikolas Vitsakis , Alessandro Suglia , Ioannis Konstas

The performance of learned robot visuomotor policies is heavily dependent on the size and quality of the training dataset. Although large-scale robot and human datasets are increasingly available, embodiment gaps and mismatched action…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yiqi Wang , Mrinal Verghese , Jeff Schneider

Humans are excellent at understanding language and vision to accomplish a wide range of tasks. In contrast, creating general instruction-following embodied agents remains a difficult challenge. Prior work that uses pure language-only models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hao Liu , Lisa Lee , Kimin Lee , Pieter Abbeel

Robot Foundation Models, such as VLAs, promise end-to-end generative robot policies with broad generalization. Yet it remains unclear whether they fundamentally resolve the core problem of action generation in embodied settings, or overcome…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Harold Soh , Eugene Lim

Safe autonomous driving requires robust detection of other traffic participants. However, robust does not mean perfect, and safe systems typically minimize missed detections at the expense of a higher false positive rate. This results in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Andreas Bühler , Adrien Gaidon , Andrei Cramariuc , Rares Ambrus , Guy Rosman , Wolfram Burgard

In real-world scenarios, achieving domain adaptation and generalization poses significant challenges, as models must adapt to or generalize across unknown target distributions. Extending these capabilities to unseen multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Hao Dong , Moru Liu , Kaiyang Zhou , Eleni Chatzi , Juho Kannala , Cyrill Stachniss , Olga Fink

Imitation learning frameworks that learn robot control policies from demonstrators' motions via hand-mounted demonstration interfaces have attracted increasing attention. However, due to differences in physical characteristics between…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Kei Takahashi , Hikaru Sasaki , Takamitsu Matsubara

In autonomous driving, end-to-end methods utilizing Imitation Learning (IL) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are becoming more and more common. However, they do not involve explicit reasoning like classic robotics workflow and planning with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Mingyan Zhou , Biao Wang , Tian Tan , Xiatao Sun

Humanoid robots hold great promise for operating in human-centric environments, yet achieving robust whole-body coordination across the head, hands, and legs remains a major challenge. We present a system that combines a modular…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Haozhi Qi , Yen-Jen Wang , Toru Lin , Brent Yi , Yi Ma , Koushil Sreenath , Jitendra Malik

We propose a theoretical framework for studying behavior cloning of complex expert demonstrations using generative modeling. Our framework invokes low-level controllers - either learned or implicit in position-command control - to stabilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Adam Block , Ali Jadbabaie , Daniel Pfrommer , Max Simchowitz , Russ Tedrake

Generalist robot policies, trained on large and diverse datasets, have demonstrated the ability to generalize across a wide spectrum of behaviors, enabling a single policy to act in varied real-world environments. However, they still fall…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yajat Yadav , Zhiyuan Zhou , Andrew Wagenmaker , Karl Pertsch , Sergey Levine

Multimodal data collected from the real world are often imperfect due to missing modalities. Therefore multimodal models that are robust against modal-incomplete data are highly preferred. Recently, Transformer models have shown great…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Mengmeng Ma , Jian Ren , Long Zhao , Davide Testuggine , Xi Peng

Multi-modal models have shown a promising capability to effectively integrate information from various sources, yet meanwhile, they are found vulnerable to pervasive perturbations, such as uni-modal attacks and missing conditions. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Zequn Yang , Yake Wei , Ce Liang , Di Hu

It is commonly believed that optimizing the reverse KL divergence results in "mode seeking", while optimizing forward KL results in "mass covering", with the latter being preferred if the goal is to sample from multiple diverse modes. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Anthony GX-Chen , Jatin Prakash , Jeff Guo , Rob Fergus , Rajesh Ranganath

Learned path planners have attracted research interest due to their ability to model human driving behavior and rapid inference. Recent works on behavioral cloning show that simple imitation of expert observations is not sufficient to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Nelson Fernandez Pinto , Thomas Gilles