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Selective state-space models (SSMs) like Mamba overcome some of the shortcomings of Transformers, such as quadratic computational complexity with sequence length and large inference-time memory requirements from the key-value cache.…

When predicting the next token in a sequence, vanilla transformers compute attention over all previous tokens, resulting in quadratic scaling of compute with sequence length. State-space models compress the entire sequence of tokens into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yash Akhauri , Safeen Huda , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

Transformers are the cornerstone of modern large language models, but their quadratic computational complexity limits efficiency in long-sequence processing. Recent advancements in Mamba, a state space model (SSM) with linear complexity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yixing Li , Ruobing Xie , Zhen Yang , Xingwu Sun , Shuaipeng Li , Weidong Han , Zhanhui Kang , Yu Cheng , Chengzhong Xu , Di Wang , Jie Jiang

Balancing fine-grained local modeling with long-range dependency capture under computational constraints remains a central challenge in sequence modeling. While Transformers provide strong token mixing, they suffer from quadratic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Youjin Wang , Jiaqiao Zhao , Rong Fu , Run Zhou , Ruizhe Zhang , Jiani Liang , Suisuai Cao , Feng Zhou

Hybrid models that combine state space models (SSMs) with attention mechanisms have shown strong performance by leveraging the efficiency of SSMs and the high recall ability of attention. However, the architectural design choices behind…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Hyunji Lee , Wenhao Yu , Hongming Zhang , Kaixin Ma , Jiyeon Kim , Dong Yu , Minjoon Seo

This paper introduces VMatcher, a hybrid Mamba-Transformer network for semi-dense feature matching between image pairs. Learning-based feature matching methods, whether detector-based or detector-free, achieve state-of-the-art performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ali Youssef

We propose Hymba, a family of small language models featuring a hybrid-head parallel architecture that integrates transformer attention mechanisms with state space models (SSMs) for enhanced efficiency. Attention heads provide…

Selective state space models (SSMs) have rapidly become a compelling backbone for large language models, especially for long-context workloads. Yet in deployment, their inference performance is often bounded by the memory capacity,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anurag Dutt , Nimit Shah , Hazem Masarani , Anshul Gandhi

With the advancement of RNN models with linear complexity, the quadratic complexity challenge of transformers has the potential to be overcome. Notably, the emerging Mamba-2 has demonstrated competitive performance, bridging the gap between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Yingyue Li , Bencheng Liao , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced significantly due to the attention mechanism, but their quadratic complexity and linear memory demands limit their performance on long-context tasks. Recently, researchers introduced Mamba, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Wangjie You , Zecheng Tang , Juntao Li , Lili Yao , Min Zhang

Transformers and Mamba, initially invented for natural language processing, have inspired backbone architectures for visual recognition. Recent studies integrated Local Attention Transformers with Mamba to capture both local details and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Meng Lou , Yunxiang Fu , Yizhou Yu

Mamba is an efficient State Space Model (SSM) with linear computational complexity. Although SSMs are not suitable for handling non-causal data, Vision Mamba (ViM) methods still demonstrate good performance in tasks such as image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Juntao Zhang , Shaogeng Liu , Kun Bian , You Zhou , Pei Zhang , Jianning Liu , Jun Zhou , Bingyan Liu

State Space Models (SSMs) with selective scan (Mamba) have been adapted into efficient vision models. Mamba, unlike Vision Transformers, achieves linear complexity for token interactions through a recurrent hidden state process. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Saarthak Kapse , Robin Betz , Srinivasan Sivanandan

State space models (SSMs) have emerged as an efficient alternative to transformer-based models, offering linear complexity that scales better than transformers. One of the latest advances in SSMs, Mamba, introduces a selective scan…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Junpeng Wang , Chin-Chia Michael Yeh , Uday Singh Saini , Mahashweta Das

State-Space Models (SSMs), and particularly Mamba, have recently emerged as a promising alternative to Transformers. Mamba introduces input selectivity to its SSM layer (S6) and incorporates convolution and gating into its block definition.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Ningyuan Huang , Miguel Sarabia , Abhinav Moudgil , Pau Rodriguez , Luca Zappella , Federico Danieli

The Mamba layer offers an efficient selective state space model (SSM) that is highly effective in modeling multiple domains, including NLP, long-range sequence processing, and computer vision. Selective SSMs are viewed as dual models, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Ameen Ali , Itamar Zimerman , Lior Wolf

Transformers are the driving force behind today's Large Language Models (LLMs), serving as the foundation for their performance and versatility. Yet, their compute and memory costs grow with sequence length, posing scalability challenges…

Recent State Space Models (SSM), especially Mamba, have demonstrated impressive performance in visual modeling and possess superior model efficiency. However, the application of Mamba to visual tasks suffers inferior performance due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Fei Xie , Jiahao Nie , Yujin Tang , Wenkang Zhang , Hongshen Zhao

State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as efficient alternatives to Transformers for sequential modeling, but their inability to leverage modality-specific features limits their performance in multi-modal pretraining. Here, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Weixin Liang , Junhong Shen , Genghan Zhang , Ning Dong , Luke Zettlemoyer , Lili Yu

Capturing long-range dependencies (LRD) efficiently is a core challenge in visual recognition, and state-space models (SSMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to self-attention for addressing it. However, adapting SSMs into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yunusa Haruna , Adamu Lawan , Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad , Jiaquan Zhang , Chaoning Zhang
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