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Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is a vision-language task that localizes a specific image region based on a textual description. Existing REC benchmarks primarily evaluate perceptual capabilities and lack interpretable scoring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tianyi Gao , Hao Li , Han Fang , Xin Wei , Xiaodong Dong , Hongbo Sun , Ye Yuan , Zhongjiang He , Jinglin Xu , Jingmin Xin , Hao Sun

With the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), they have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across a variety of vision-language tasks. However, current evaluation benchmarks predominantly focus on objective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Haokun Li , Yazhou Zhang , Jizhi Ding , Qiuchi Li , Peng Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate strong perception and reasoning performance on existing remote sensing (RS) benchmarks. However, most prior benchmarks rely on low-resolution imagery, and some high-resolution benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yunkai Dang , Meiyi Zhu , Donghao Wang , Yizhuo Zhang , Jiacheng Yang , Qi Fan , Yuekun Yang , Wenbin Li , Feng Miao , Yang Gao

Multi-view understanding, the ability to reconcile visual information across diverse viewpoints for effective navigation, manipulation, and 3D scene comprehension, is a fundamental challenge in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Chun-Hsiao Yeh , Chenyu Wang , Shengbang Tong , Ta-Ying Cheng , Ruoyu Wang , Tianzhe Chu , Yuexiang Zhai , Yubei Chen , Shenghua Gao , Yi Ma

Although large visual-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in multimodal tasks, errors may occasionally arise due to biases during the reasoning process. Recently, reward models (RMs) have become increasingly pivotal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jiacheng Ruan , Wenzhen Yuan , Xian Gao , Ye Guo , Daoxin Zhang , Zhe Xu , Yao Hu , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show strong capabilities in visual-language reasoning, yet their performance on ultra-high-resolution imagery remains largely unexplored. Existing visual question answering (VQA) benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Siqi Li , Xinyu Cai , Jianbiao Mei , Nianchen Deng , Pinlong Cai , Licheng Wen , Yufan Shen , Xuemeng Yang , Botian Shi , Yong Liu

Evaluating the nuanced human-centric video understanding capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains a great challenge, as existing benchmarks often overlook the intricacies of emotion, behavior, and cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ting Zhou , Daoyuan Chen , Qirui Jiao , Bolin Ding , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

Comprehending text-rich visual content is paramount for the practical application of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), since text-rich scenarios are ubiquitous in the real world, which are characterized by the presence of extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Bohao Li , Yuying Ge , Yi Chen , Yixiao Ge , Ruimao Zhang , Ying Shan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in image understanding and generation. However, current benchmarks fail to accurately evaluate the chart comprehension of MLLMs due to limited chart types and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zhengzhuo Xu , Sinan Du , Yiyan Qi , Chengjin Xu , Chun Yuan , Jian Guo

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have led to impressive progress across various benchmarks. However, their capability in understanding infrared images remains unexplored. To address this gap, we introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Tao Zhang , Yuyang Hong , Yang Xia , Kun Ding , Zeyu Zhang , Ying Wang , Shiming Xiang , Chunhong Pan

With enhanced capabilities and widespread applications, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly required to process and reason over multiple images simultaneously. However, existing MLLM benchmarks focus either on…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often struggle to ground reasoning in perceptual evidence. We present a systematic study of perception strategies-explicit, implicit, visual, and textual-across four multimodal benchmarks and two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yizhuo Ding , Mingkang Chen , Zhibang Feng , Tong Xiao , Wanying Qu , Wenqi Shao , Yanwei Fu

Multimodal retrieval is becoming a crucial component of modern AI applications, yet its evaluation lags behind the demands of more realistic and challenging scenarios. Existing benchmarks primarily probe surface-level semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Junjie Zhou , Ze Liu , Lei Xiong , Jin-Ge Yao , Yueze Wang , Shitao Xiao , Fenfen Lin , Miguel Hu Chen , Zhicheng Dou , Siqi Bao , Defu Lian , Yongping Xiong , Zheng Liu

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has spurred growing interest in Multi-modal LLMs (MLLMs) and motivated the development of benchmarks to evaluate their perceptual and comprehension abilities. Existing benchmarks, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Purui Bai , Tao Wu , Jiayang Sun , Xinyue Liu , Huaibo Huang , Ran He

We introduce MMTR-Bench, a benchmark designed to evaluate the intrinsic ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to reconstruct masked text directly from visual context. Unlike conventional question-answering tasks, MMTR-Bench…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jindi Guo , Chaozheng Huang , Xi Fang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed as the core reasoning engine for web-facing systems, powering GUI agents and front-end automation that must interpret page structure, select actionable widgets, and execute…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Junliang Liu , Jingyu Xiao , Wenxin Tang , Zhixian Wang , Zipeng Xie , Wenxuan Wang , Minrui Zhang , Shuanghe Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs), have greatly enhanced their capability to jointly process text and images. However, despite extensive benchmarks evaluating visual comprehension (e.g., diagrams, color schemes, OCR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Benjamin Clavié , Florian Brand

The rapid evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has brought substantial advancements in artificial intelligence, significantly enhancing the capability to understand and generate multimodal content. While prior studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Lin Li , Guikun Chen , Hanrong Shi , Jun Xiao , Long Chen