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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks, particularly when augmented with search mechanisms that enable systematic exploration of external knowledge bases. The field has evolved from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Zixuan Yan , Yanxin Shen , Wenjie Xu , Yuefeng Huang , Xinyi Wang , Jiannan Cao , Jianwei Yin , Xuhong Zhang

To enable reliable long-term interaction, LLM agents require a memory system that can faithfully store, efficiently retrieve, and deeply reason over accumulated dialogue history. Most existing methods adopt an extracted fact based paradigm:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jingwei Sun , Jianing Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

Large language models (LLMs) excel at many NLP tasks but struggle to sustain long-term interactions due to limited attention over extended dialogue histories. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates this issue but lacks reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Chunliang Chen , Ming Guan , Xiao Lin , Jiaxu Li , Luxi Lin , Qiyi Wang , Xiangyu Chen , Jixiang Luo , Changzhi Sun , Dell Zhang , Xuelong Li

Existing memory systems enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to support long-horizon human-LLM interactions by persisting historical interactions beyond limited context windows. However, while recent approaches have succeeded in constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haidong Xin , Xinze Li , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Cheng Yang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

The question-answering (QA) simulator is a model that mimics real student learning behaviors and predicts their correctness of their responses to questions. QA simulators enable educational recommender systems (ERS) to collect large amounts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Haipeng Liu , Ting Long , Jing Fu

Effective memory management is essential for large language model agents to navigate long-horizon tasks. Recent research has explored using Reinforcement Learning to develop specialized memory manager agents. However, existing approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Weitao Ma , Xiaocheng Feng , Lei Huang , Xiachong Feng , Zhanyu Ma , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Bing Qin

Owing to their powerful semantic reasoning capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been effectively utilized as recommenders, achieving impressive performance. However, the high inference latency of LLMs significantly restricts…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yu Cui , Feng Liu , Pengbo Wang , Bohao Wang , Heng Tang , Yi Wan , Jun Wang , Jiawei Chen

To support long-term interaction in complex environments, LLM agents require memory systems that manage historical experiences. Existing approaches either retain full interaction histories via passive context extension, leading to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jiaqi Liu , Yaofeng Su , Peng Xia , Siwei Han , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Mingyu Ding , Huaxiu Yao

Long-horizon language agents must operate under limited runtime memory, yet existing memory mechanisms often organize experience around descriptive criteria such as relevance, salience, or summary quality. For an agent, however, memory is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mingxi Zou , Zhihan Guo , Langzhang Liang , Zhuo Wang , Qifan Wang , Qingsong Wen , Irwin King , Lizhen Qu , Zenglin Xu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for inducing explicit reasoning behaviors in large language and vision-language models. However, reasoning-oriented RL post-training remains fundamentally challenging due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Fan Yang , Rui Meng , Trudi Di Qi , Ali Ezzati , Yuxin Wen

Large language model (LLM) agents are constrained by limited context windows, necessitating external memory systems for long-term information understanding. Current memory-augmented agents typically depend on pre-defined instructions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yu Wang , Ryuichi Takanobu , Zhiqi Liang , Yuzhen Mao , Yuanzhe Hu , Julian McAuley , Xiaojian Wu

Conversational Search (CS) involves retrieving relevant documents from a corpus while considering the conversational context, integrating retrieval with context modeling. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Simon Lupart , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Evangelos Kanoulas

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to long-context tasks requires post-training methods that remain accurate and coherent over thousands of tokens. Existing approaches are limited in several ways: 1) off-policy methods such as supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Miguel Moura Ramos , Duarte M. Alves , André F. T. Martins

Memory-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable consistency during prolonged dialogues by storing relevant memories and incorporating them as context. Such memory-based personalization is also key in on-device…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Massimo Bini , Ondrej Bohdal , Umberto Michieli , Zeynep Akata , Mete Ozay , Taha Ceritli

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have been seen as a promising competitor for autoregressive language models. However, diffusion language models have long been constrained by slow inference. A core challenge is that their non-autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xinyin Ma , Runpeng Yu , Gongfan Fang , Xinchao Wang

In modern e-commerce search systems, dense retrieval has become an indispensable component. By computing similarities between query and item (product) embeddings, it efficiently selects candidate products from large-scale repositories. With…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jianting Tang , Dongshuai Li , Tao Wen , Fuyu Lv , Dan Ou , Linli Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive results on a variety of text understanding tasks. Search queries though pose a unique challenge, given their short-length and lack of nuance or context. Complicated feature engineering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Krishna Srinivasan , Karthik Raman , Anupam Samanta , Lingrui Liao , Luca Bertelli , Mike Bendersky

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made extraordinary progress in the field of Artificial Intelligence and have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a large variety of tasks and domains. However, as we venture closer to creating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Brandon Kynoch , Hugo Latapie , Dwane van der Sluis

Recent large language model (LLM)-driven chat assistant systems have integrated memory components to track user-assistant chat histories, enabling more accurate and personalized responses. However, their long-term memory capabilities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Di Wu , Hongwei Wang , Wenhao Yu , Yuwei Zhang , Kai-Wei Chang , Dong Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant improvements in contextual understanding. However, their ability to attend to truly critical information during long-context reasoning and generation still falls behind the pace.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yiju Guo , Wenkai Yang , Zexu Sun , Ning Ding , Zhiyuan Liu , Yankai Lin