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With the growing popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineers' daily practices, it is important to ensure that the code generated by these tools is not only functionally correct but also free of vulnerabilities. Although…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Mohammed Latif Siddiq , Joanna C. S. Santos , Sajith Devareddy , Anna Muller

Assertion-based verification (ABV) is a cornerstone of modern hardware design, yet manually translating design intent into formal SystemVerilog Assertions (SVAs) remains labor-intensive and error-prone. While Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuchao Wu , Wenji Fang , Jing Wang , Wenkai Li , Ziyan Guo , Zhiyao Xie

Language models (LMs) perform well on standardized coding benchmarks but struggle with real-world software engineering tasks such as resolving GitHub issues in SWE-Bench, especially when model parameters are less than 100B. While smaller…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Guangtao Zeng , Maohao Shen , Delin Chen , Zhenting Qi , Subhro Das , Dan Gutfreund , David Cox , Gregory Wornell , Wei Lu , Zhang-Wei Hong , Chuang Gan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in assisting with Register Transfer Level (RTL) design tasks. Nevertheless, there remains to be a significant gap in benchmarks that accurately reflect the complexity of real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Ahmed Allam , Mohamed Shalan

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), a large number of machine learning models have been developed to assist programming tasks including the generation of program code from natural language input. However, how to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Debalina Ghosh Paul , Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

The security of computer systems typically relies on a hardware root of trust. As vulnerabilities in hardware can have severe implications on a system, there is a need for techniques to support security verification activities.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Rahul Kande , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Shailja Thakur , Ramesh Karri , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

As software becomes increasingly complex and prone to vulnerabilities, automated vulnerability detection is critically important, yet challenging. Given the significant successes of large language models (LLMs) in various tasks, there is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Zeyu Gao , Hao Wang , Yuchen Zhou , Wenyu Zhu , Chao Zhang

The rapid expansion of research on Large Language Model (LLM) safety and robustness has produced a fragmented and oftentimes buggy ecosystem of implementations, datasets, and evaluation methods. This fragmentation makes reproducibility and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Tim Beyer , Jonas Dornbusch , Jakob Steimle , Moritz Ladenburger , Leo Schwinn , Stephan Günnemann

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has introduced transformative potential in automated code generation, addressing a wide range of software engineering challenges. However, empirical evaluation of LLM-based code generation lacks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nathalia Nascimento , Everton Guimaraes , Paulo Alencar

Large Language Models (LLMs) show strong performance in RTL generation, but different models excel on different tasks because of architecture and training differences. Prior work mainly prompts or finetunes a single model. What remains not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zeng Wang , Weihua Xiao , Minghao Shao , Raghu Vamshi Hemadri , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Muhammad Shafique , Ramesh Karri

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in applying them to Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tasks, particularly Register Transfer Level (RTL) code generation. While several RTL datasets have been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Anjiang Wei , Huanmi Tan , Tarun Suresh , Daniel Mendoza , Thiago S. F. X. Teixeira , Ke Wang , Caroline Trippel , Alex Aiken

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on explicit reasoning to solve coding tasks, yet evaluating the quality of this reasoning remains challenging. Existing reasoning evaluators are not designed for coding, and current benchmarks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuangang Li , Justin Tian Jin Chen , Ethan Yu , David Hong , Iftekhar Ahmed

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools capable of handling diverse tasks. Comparing and selecting appropriate LLMs for specific tasks requires systematic evaluation methods, as models exhibit varying capabilities across different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Anna Sokol , Elizabeth Daly , Michael Hind , David Piorkowski , Xiangliang Zhang , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Large language models (LLMs) and autonomous coding agents are increasingly used to generate software across a wide range of domains. Yet a core requirement remains unmet: ensuring that generated code is secure without compromising its…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Abhijeet Pathak , Suvadra Barua , Dinesh Gudimetla , Rupam Patir , Jiawei Guo , Hongxin Hu , Haipeng Cai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated capabilities for producing code in Hardware Description Languages (HDLs). However, most of the focus remains on their abilities to write functional code, not test code. The hardware design…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jason Blocklove , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri , Hammond Pearce

Large language models (LLMs) have recently enabled coding agents capable of generating, executing, and revising visualization code. However, existing models often fail in practical workflows due to limited language coverage, unreliable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuansheng Ni , Songcheng Cai , Xiangchao Chen , Jiarong Liang , Zhiheng Lyu , Jiaqi Deng , Kai Zou , Ping Nie , Fei Yuan , Xiang Yue , Wenhu Chen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in generating code for general-purpose programming languages. However, their potential for hardware description languages (HDLs), such as SystemVerilog,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Arnav Sheth , Ivaxi Sheth , Mario Fritz

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes contexts where their outputs influence real-world decisions. However, evaluating bias in LLM outputs remains methodologically challenging due to sensitivity to prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 William Guey , Wei Zhang , Pei-Luen Patrick Rau , Pierrick Bougault , Vitor D. de Moura , Bertan Ucar , Jose O. Gomes

Despite emerging efforts to enhance the safety of Vision-Language Models (VLMs), current approaches face two main shortcomings. 1) Existing safety-tuning datasets and benchmarks only partially consider how image-text interactions can yield…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Youngwan Lee , Kangsan Kim , Kwanyong Park , Ilcahe Jung , Soojin Jang , Seanie Lee , Yong-Ju Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Large language models (LLMs) are a new and powerful tool for a wide span of applications involving natural language and demonstrate impressive code generation abilities. The goal of this work is to automatically generate tests and use these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Christian Munley , Aaron Jarmusch , Sunita Chandrasekaran