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Tool-augmented large language model (LLM) agents can orchestrate specialist classifiers, segmentation models, and visual question-answering modules to interpret chest X-rays. However, these agents still solve each case in isolation: they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Weixiang Shen , Bailiang Jian , Jun Li , Che Liu , Johannes Moll , Xiaobin Hu , Daniel Rueckert , Hongwei Bran Li , Jiazhen Pan

The rise of powerful large language models (LLMs) has spurred a new trend in building LLM-based autonomous agents for solving complex tasks, especially multi-agent systems. Despite the remarkable progress, we notice that existing works are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Siyu Yuan , Kaitao Song , Jiangjie Chen , Xu Tan , Dongsheng Li , Deqing Yang

Clinical image interpretation is inherently multi-step and tool-centric: clinicians iteratively combine visual evidence with patient context, quantify findings, and refine their decisions through a sequence of specialized procedures. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Lin Fan , Pengyu Dai , Zhipeng Deng , Haolin Wang , Xun Gong , Yefeng Zheng , Yafei Ou

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable general capabilities, yet embodied agents built on them fail at complex tasks, often skipping critical steps, proposing invalid actions, and repeating mistakes. These failures arise from a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Bingqing Wei , Zhongyu Xia , Dingai Liu , Xiaoyu Zhou , Zhiwei Lin , Yongtao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) agents are increasingly pivotal for addressing complex tasks in interactive environments. Existing work mainly focuses on enhancing performance through behavior cloning from stronger experts, yet such approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Siyu Yuan , Zehui Chen , Zhiheng Xi , Junjie Ye , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen

Prevailing medical AI operates on an unrealistic ''one-shot'' model, diagnosing from a complete patient file. However, real-world diagnosis is an iterative inquiry where Clinicians sequentially ask questions and order tests to strategically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yufei He , Juncheng Liu , Zhiyuan Hu , Yulin Chen , Yue Liu , Yuan Sui , Yibo Li , Nuo Chen , Jun Hu , Bryan Hooi , Xinxing Xu , Jiang Bian

Recent advances in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) have demonstrated significant potential in single-turn reasoning tasks. With the paradigm shift toward self-evolving agentic learning, models are increasingly expected…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xinshun Feng , Xinhao Song , Lijun Li , Gongshen Liu , Jing Shao

Despite the remarkable capabilities of text-to-image (T2I) generation models, real-world applications often demand fine-grained, iterative image editing that existing methods struggle to provide. Key challenges include granular instruction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zihan Liang , Jiahao Sun , Haoran Ma

Self-evolving agents improve by accumulating and reusing experience from past interactions. Existing work has largely focused on how experience is constructed, represented, and updated, while paying less attention to how experience should…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Weixiang Zhao , Yingshuo Wang , Yichen Zhang , Yanyan Zhao , Yu Zhang , Yang Wu , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Standard reinforcement learning (RL) for large language model (LLM) agents typically optimizes extrinsic rewards, prioritizing isolated task completion over continual adaptation. Consequently, agents often converge to suboptimal policies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xiaoying Zhang , Zichen Liu , Yipeng Zhang , Xia Hu , Wenqi Shao

Self-evolving memory systems are unprecedentedly reshaping the evolutionary paradigm of large language model (LLM)-based agents. Prior work has predominantly relied on manually engineered memory architectures to store trajectories, distill…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Guibin Zhang , Haotian Ren , Chong Zhan , Zhenhong Zhou , Junhao Wang , He Zhu , Wangchunshu Zhou , Shuicheng Yan

LLM-based agents depend on effective tool-use policies to solve complex tasks, yet optimizing these policies remains challenging due to delayed supervision and the difficulty of credit assignment in long-horizon trajectories. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Shuo Yang , Soyeon Caren Han , Xueqi Ma , Yan Li , Mohammad Reza Ghasemi Madani , Eduard Hovy

Multi-label image classification demands adaptive training strategies to navigate complex, evolving visual-semantic landscapes, yet conventional methods rely on static configurations that falter in dynamic settings. We propose MAT-Agent, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jusheng Zhang , Kaitong Cai , Yijia Fan , Ningyuan Liu , Keze Wang

While diffusion models excel at generating high-quality images, they often struggle with accurate counting, attributes, and spatial relationships in complex multi-object scenes. One potential solution involves employing Multimodal Large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jiayang Sun , Hongbo Wang , Jie Cao , Huaibo Huang , Ran He

Self-evolution of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remains a critical challenge: pseudo-label-based methods suffer from progressive quality degradation as model predictions drift, while template-based methods are confined to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yongrui Heng , Chaoya Jiang , Han Yang , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Image search stands as a pivotal task in multimedia and computer vision, finding applications across diverse domains, ranging from internet search to medical diagnostics. Conventional image search systems operate by accepting textual or…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Hongyi Zhu , Jia-Hong Huang , Stevan Rudinac , Evangelos Kanoulas

Image Restoration (IR) agents, leveraging multimodal large language models to perceive degradation and invoke restoration tools, have shown promise in automating IR tasks. However, existing IR agents typically lack an insight summarization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yijian Wang , Qingsen Yan , Jiantao Zhou , Duwei Dai , Wei Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable reliability and advanced capabilities through extended test-time reasoning. However, extending these capabilities to Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yuhao Dong , Zuyan Liu , Shulin Tian , Yongming Rao , Ziwei Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as proposal generators for evolutionary robot design, yet most loops remain memoryless: simulator results shape the next population but are not preserved as reusable design knowledge. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yunfei Wang , Xiaohao Xu , Yang Li , Xiaonan Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) can extend their parameter knowledge limits by adopting the Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) paradigm. However, existing LLM-based agent training framework often focuses on answers' accuracy, overlooking specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yifei Chen , Guanting Dong , Zhicheng Dou