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Language model (LM) agents have gained significant attention for their ability to autonomously complete tasks through interactions with environments, tools, and APIs. LM agents are primarily built with prompt engineering or supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Renxi Wang , Rifo Ahmad Genadi , Bilal El Bouardi , Yongxin Wang , Fajri Koto , Zhengzhong Liu , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

We introduce \emph{Memento-Skills}, a generalist, continually-learnable LLM agent system that functions as an \emph{agent-designing agent}: it autonomously constructs, adapts, and improves task-specific agents through experience. The system…

Despite recent advancements in offline multi-task reinforcement learning (MTRL) have harnessed the powerful capabilities of the Transformer architecture, most approaches focus on a limited number of tasks, with scaling to extremely massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yilun Kong , Guozheng Ma , Qi Zhao , Haoyu Wang , Li Shen , Xueqian Wang , Dacheng Tao

Reinforcement learning (RL) approaches can illuminate emergent behaviors that facilitate coordination across teams of agents as part of a multi-agent system (MAS), which can provide windows of opportunity in various military tasks.…

Many real-world applications can be formulated as multi-agent cooperation problems, such as network packet routing and coordination of autonomous vehicles. The emergence of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides a promising approach for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Zhixuan Liang , Jiannong Cao , Shan Jiang , Divya Saxena , Huafeng Xu

Load imbalance is a long-standing challenge in Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) training and is exacerbated in reinforcement learning (RL) for LLMs, where hot experts can shift frequently across micro-batches. Existing MoE training systems rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chao Jin , Xinming Wei , Yinmin Zhong , Chengxu Yang , Bingyang Wu , Ruidong Zhu , Zili Zhang , Yuliang Liu , Xin Jin

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have emerged as powerful autonomous controllers for digital environments, including mobile interfaces, operating systems, and web browsers. Web navigation, for example, requires handling dynamic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Taiyi Wang , Sian Gooding , Florian Hartmann , Oriana Riva , Edward Grefenstette

A common challenge in reinforcement learning is how to convert the agent's interactions with an environment into fast and robust learning. For instance, earlier work makes use of domain knowledge to improve existing reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Yannis Flet-Berliac , Philippe Preux

Real-time dynamic scheduling is a crucial but notoriously challenging task in modern manufacturing processes due to its high decision complexity. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has been gaining attention as an impactful technique to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jaeyeon Jang , Diego Klabjan , Han Liu , Nital S. Patel , Xiuqi Li , Balakrishnan Ananthanarayanan , Husam Dauod , Tzung-Han Juang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate robust capabilities across various fields, leading to a paradigm shift in LLM-enhanced Recommender System (RS). Research to date focuses on point-wise and pair-wise recommendation paradigms, which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Wen-Shuo Chao , Zhi Zheng , Hengshu Zhu , Hao Liu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has traditionally focused on training specialized agents to optimize predefined reward functions within narrowly defined environments. However, the advent of powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) and increasingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Fangming Cui , Ruixiao Zhu , Cheng Fang , Sunan Li , Jiahong Li

Recent challenges in operating power networks arise from increasing energy demands and unpredictable renewable sources like wind and solar. While reinforcement learning (RL) shows promise in managing these networks, through topological…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Erica van der Sar , Alessandro Zocca , Sandjai Bhulai

Recent advancements in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated tremendous potential in diverse task scenarios. Nonetheless, existing agentic systems typically rely on predefined agent-role design…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zhipeng Hou , Junyi Tang , Yipeng Wang

Solving long-horizon, temporally-extended tasks using Reinforcement Learning (RL) is challenging, compounded by the common practice of learning without prior knowledge (or tabula rasa learning). Humans can generate and execute plans with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Bharat Prakash , Tim Oates , Tinoosh Mohsenin

Recent studies show that LLMs possess different skills and specialize in different tasks. In fact, we observe that their varied performance occur in several levels of granularity. For example, in the code optimization task, code LLMs excel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yuanzhe Liu , Ryan Deng , Tim Kaler , Xuhao Chen , Charles E. Leiserson , Yao Ma , Jie Chen

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a widely adopted technique for enhancing the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the effectiveness of RLVR strongly depends on the capability of base…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zishang Jiang , Jinyi Han , Tingyun Li , Xinyi Wang , Sihang Jiang , Jiaqing Liang , Zhaoqian Dai , Shuguang Ma , Fei Yu , Yanghua Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various reasoning-intensive tasks. However, these models exhibit unexpected brittleness, often failing on simple variations of the same underlying task. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yutao Hou , Zeguan Xiao , Fei Yu , Yihan Jiang , Ma Shuguang , Zhaoqian Dai , Hailiang Huang , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

The deployment of multi-agent systems in dynamic, adversarial environments like robotic soccer necessitates real-time decision-making, sophisticated cooperation, and scalable algorithms to avoid the curse of dimensionality. While…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Aya Taourirte , Md Sohag Mia

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the success of RL for LLMs heavily relies on human-curated datasets and verifiable rewards,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yixing Chen , Yiding Wang , Siqi Zhu , Haofei Yu , Tao Feng , Muhan Zhang , Mostofa Patwary , Jiaxuan You

Autonomous mobile manipulation in unstructured warehouses requires a balance between efficient large-scale navigation and high-precision object interaction. Traditional end-to-end learning approaches often struggle to handle the conflicting…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yun Chen , Bowei Huang , Fan Guo , Kang Song