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These days, cyber-criminals target humans rather than machines since they try to accomplish their malicious intentions by exploiting the weaknesses of end users. Thus, human vulnerabilities pose a serious threat to the security and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Dimitra Papatsaroucha , Yannis Nikoloudakis , Ioannis Kefaloukos , Evangelos Pallis , Evangelos K. Markakis

This paper presents the Cybersecurity Psychology Framework (CPF), a novel methodology for quantifying human-centric vulnerabilities in security operations through systematic integration of established psychological constructs with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Giuseppe Canale

Instead of only considering technology, computer security research now strives to also take into account the human factor by studying regular users and, to a lesser extent, experts like operators and developers of systems. We focus our…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Mannat Kaur , Michel van Eeten , Marijn Janssen , Kevin Borgolte , Tobias Fiebig

As the size and complexity of software systems increase, the number and sophistication of software security flaws increase as well. The analysis of these flaws began as a manual approach, but it soon became apparent that tools were…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Yan Shoshitaishvili , Michael Weissbacher , Lukas Dresel , Christopher Salls , Ruoyu Wang , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna

Software Vulnerability (SV) assessment is a crucial process of determining different aspects of SVs (e.g., attack vectors and scope) for developers to effectively prioritize efforts in vulnerability mitigation. It presents a challenging and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xin-Cheng Wen , Jiaxin Ye , Cuiyun Gao , Lianwei Wu , Qing Liao

This paper examines the complex nature of cyber attacks through an analysis of the LastPass breach. It argues for the integration of human-centric considerations into cybersecurity measures, focusing on mitigating factors such as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Niroop Sugunaraj

Subjective judgements from experts provide essential information when assessing and modelling threats in respect to cyber-physical systems. For example, the vulnerability of individual system components can be described using multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Zack Ellerby , Josie McCulloch , Melanie Wilson , Christian Wagner

The rise of cyber threats on social media platforms necessitates advanced metrics to assess and mitigate social cyber vulnerabilities. This paper presents the Social Cyber Vulnerability Index (SCVI), a novel framework integrating…

There continue to be numerous breaches publicised pertaining to cyber security despite security practices being applied within industry for many years. This article is intended to be the first in a number of articles as research into cyber…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-01-18 Mark Evans , Leandros A. Maglaras , Ying He , Helge Janicke

Understanding the landscape of software vulnerabilities is key for developing effective security solutions. Fortunately, the evaluation of vulnerability databases that use a framework for communicating vulnerability attributes and their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Assane Gueye , Peter Mell

Phishing remains one of the most pervasive cybersecurity threats, shifting the focus from technological vulnerabilities to human cognitive and psychological factors. In coherence with the trend of studies on phishing to increasingly focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Valeria Formisano , Danilo Gentile , Gennaro Esposito Mocerino , Michela Ponticorvo , Luigi Gallo , Alessio Botta , Davide Marocco

Cyber security incidents are increasing and humans play an important role in reducing their likelihood and impact. We identify a skewed focus towards technical aspects of cyber security in the literature, whereas factors influencing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Marten de Bruin , Konstantinos Mersinas

Current cybersecurity research increasingly acknowledges the human factor, yet remains fragmented, often treating user vulnerabilities as isolated and static traits. This paper introduces MORPHEUS, a holistic framework that operationalizes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Giuseppe Desolda , Francesco Greco , Rosa Lanzilotti , Cesare Tucci

This, with the ever-increasing sophistication of cyberwar, calls for novel solutions. In this regard, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a highly promising tool for defensive and offensive cybersecurity-related strategies. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Abdulrahman S Almuhaidib , Azlan Mohd Zain , Zalmiyah Zakaria , Izyan Izzati Kamsani , Abdulaziz S Almuhaidib

Adversarial attack perturbs an image with an imperceptible noise, leading to incorrect model prediction. Recently, a few works showed inherent bias associated with such attack (robustness bias), where certain subgroups in a dataset (e.g.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Gaurav Kumar Nayak , Ruchit Rawal , Rohit Lal , Himanshu Patil , Anirban Chakraborty

Vulnerability assessment is a critical challenge in cybersecurity, particularly in industrial environments. This work presents an innovative approach by incorporating the temporal dimension into vulnerability assessment, an aspect neglected…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Stefano Perone , Simone Guarino , Luca Faramondi , Roberto Setola

With the increasing concern for security in the network, many approaches are laid out that try to protect the network from unauthorised access. New methods have been adopted in order to find the potential discrepancies that may damage the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-03-28 Sheetal Bairwa , Bhawna Mewara , Jyoti Gajrani

The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is a popular method for evaluating the severity of vulnerabilities in vulnerability management. In the evaluation process, a numeric score between 0 and 10 is calculated, 10 being the most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Julia Wunder , Andreas Kurtz , Christian Eichenmüller , Freya Gassmann , Zinaida Benenson

Cyber risk assessment is a fundamental activity for enhancing the protection of an organization, identifying and evaluating the exposure to cyber threats. Currently, this activity is carried out mainly manually and the identification and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Marco Angelini , Silvia Bonomi , Alessandro Palma

The dynamics of cyber threats are increasingly complex, making it more challenging than ever for organizations to obtain in-depth insights into their cyber security status. Therefore, organizations rely on Cyber Situational Awareness (CSA)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Liuyue Jiang , Asangi Jayatilaka , Mehwish Nasim , Marthie Grobler , Mansooreh Zahedi , M. Ali Babar
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