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Evolutionary agentic systems intensify the trade-off between computational efficiency and reasoning capability by repeatedly invoking large language models (LLMs) during inference. This setting raises a central question: how can an agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Pretam Ray , Pratik Prabhanjan Brahma , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum

Search agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in tackling knowledge-intensive tasks. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training these agents to perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shiyu Li , Yang Tang , Yifan Wang , Peiming Li , Xi Chen

LLM routing matters most in long-horizon applications such as coding agents, deep research systems, and computer-use agents, where a single user request triggers many model calls. Routing each call to the cheapest sufficient model can cut…

The rapid growth of biomedical data, tools, and literature has created a fragmented research landscape that outpaces human expertise. While AI agents offer a solution, they typically rely on static, manually curated toolsets, limiting their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ruofan Jin , Zaixi Zhang , Mengdi Wang , Le Cong

We present RoboPhD, a system where AI agents autonomously conduct research to improve Text-to-SQL performance. RoboPhD implements a closed-loop evolution cycle with two coordinated components: a SQL Generation agent composed of a database…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Andrew Borthwick , Stephen Ash

Learning-based controllers have achieved impressive performance in agile quadrotor flight but typically rely on massive training in simulation, necessitating accurate system identification for effective Sim2Real transfer. However, even with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yunfan Ren , Zhiyuan Zhu , Jiaxu Xing , Davide Scaramuzza

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred interest in deploying LLM agents to undertake tasks in the world. LLMs are often deployed in agent systems: code that orchestrates LLM calls and provides them with tools. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Maxime Robeyns , Martin Szummer , Laurence Aitchison

The growing number of Large Language Models (LLMs) with diverse capabilities and response styles provides users with a wider range of choices, which presents challenges in selecting appropriate LLMs, as user preferences vary in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Zhongjie Dai , Tao Feng , Jiaxuan You

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques, particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), have become essential for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. While the recent FlyLoRA framework successfully leverages…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yuxin Yang , Haoran Zhang , Mingxuan Li , Jiachen Xu , Ruoxi Shen , Zhenyu Wang , Tianhao Liu , Siqi Chen , Weilin Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) can be fine-tuned on domain-specific data to enhance their performance in specialized fields. However, such data often contains numerous low-quality samples, necessitating effective data processing (DP). In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Wei Huang , Anda Cheng , Yinggui Wang , Lei Wang , Tao Wei

As language models (LMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents, their robust adherence to human-assigned objectives becomes crucial for safe operation. When these agents operate independently for extended periods without human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Rauno Arike , Elizabeth Donoway , Henning Bartsch , Marius Hobbhahn

We introduce SRDrone, a novel system designed for self-refinement task planning in industrial-grade embodied drones. SRDrone incorporates two key technical contributions: First, it employs a continuous state evaluation methodology to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Deyu Zhang , Xicheng Zhang , Jiahao Li , Tingting Long , Xunhua Dai , Yongjian Fu , Jinrui Zhang , Ju Ren , Yaoxue Zhang

Autonomous agents excel in self-improvement through reflection and iterative refinement, which reuse successful task trajectories as in-context examples to assist subsequent reasoning. However, shifting across tasks often introduces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Quan M. Tran , Zhuo Huang , Wenbin Zhang , Bo Han , Koji Yatani , Masashi Sugiyama , Tongliang Liu

While most efforts to improve LLM-based tool-using agents focus on the agent itself - through larger models, better prompting, or fine-tuning - agent performance increasingly plateaus due to the quality of the tool interfaces these agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ruocheng Guo , Kaiwen Dong , Xiang Gao , Kamalika Das

Large language model (LLM) routers improve the efficiency of multi-model systems by directing each query to the most appropriate model while leveraging the diverse strengths of heterogeneous LLMs. Most existing approaches frame routing as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Canbin Huang , Tianyuan Shi , Yuhua Zhu , Ruijun Chen , Xiaojun Quan

Recently, as Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive emerging capabilities and gained widespread popularity, research on LLM-based search agents has proliferated. In real-world situations, users often input contextual and highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Yaqi Wang , Haipei Xu

The rapid development of large language and multimodal models has sparked significant interest in using proprietary models, such as GPT-4o, to develop autonomous agents capable of handling real-world scenarios like web navigation. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Hongliang He , Wenlin Yao , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Hongming Zhang , Tianqing Fang , Zhenzhong Lan , Dong Yu

We study whether self-learning can scale LLM-based agents without relying on human-curated datasets or predefined rule-based rewards. Through controlled experiments in a search-agent setting, we identify two key determinants of scalable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Wangtao Sun , Xiang Cheng , Jialin Fan , Yao Xu , Xing Yu , Shizhu He , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Automating operations research (OR) with large language models (LLMs) remains limited by hand-crafted reasoning--execution workflows. Complex OR tasks require adaptive coordination among problem interpretation, mathematical formulation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiahao Huang , Peilan Xu , Xiaoya Nan , Wenjian Luo

Inference attacks have been widely studied and offer a systematic risk assessment of ML services; however, their implementation and the attack parameters for optimal estimation are challenging for non-experts. The emergence of advanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yixin Wu , Rui Wen , Chi Cui , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang