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Deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples, posing critical security challenges in real-world applications. While Adversarial Training (AT ) is a widely adopted defense mechanism to enhance robustness, it often incurs a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Jing Zou , Shungeng Zhang , Meikang Qiu , Chong Li

Dataset distillation aims to compress training data into fewer examples via a teacher, from which a student can learn effectively. While its success is often attributed to structure in the data, modern neural networks also memorize specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Freya Behrens , Lenka Zdeborová

It has been recently demonstrated that multi-generational self-distillation can improve generalization. Despite this intriguing observation, reasons for the enhancement remain poorly understood. In this paper, we first demonstrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Zhilu Zhang , Mert R. Sabuncu

Knowledge distillation is widely used as a means of improving the performance of a relatively simple student model using the predictions from a complex teacher model. Several works have shown that distillation significantly boosts the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Michal Lukasik , Srinadh Bhojanapalli , Aditya Krishna Menon , Sanjiv Kumar

Knowledge distillation optimises a smaller student model to behave similarly to a larger teacher model, retaining some of the performance benefits. While this method can improve results on in-distribution examples, it does not necessarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Joe Stacey , Marek Rei

Obtaining human-readable symbolic formulas via genetic programming-based symbolic distillation of a deep neural network trained on the target dataset presents a promising yet underexplored path towards explainable artificial intelligence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Soumyadeep Dhar , Kei Sen Fong , Mehul Motani

Self-distillation (SD) is the process of first training a \enquote{teacher} model and then using its predictions to train a \enquote{student} model with the \textit{same} architecture. Specifically, the student's objective function is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Rudrajit Das , Sujay Sanghavi

Knowledge distillation generally assumes a strong-to-weak relationship where stronger teachers yield better students. In this work, we examine this assumption about distillation in large language model pretraining. By varying architecture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Taiming Lu , Zhuang Liu

Dataset distillation (DD) compresses a large training set into a small synthetic set for efficient training, but most DD methods optimize only clean accuracy and leave robustness uncontrolled. Recent robust DD methods improve robustness,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Muquan Li , Yingyi Ma , Yihong Huang , Hang Gou , Ke Qin , Ming Li , Yuan-Fang Li , Tao He

Deep learning achieved great progress recently, however, it is not easy or efficient to further improve its performance by increasing the size of the model. Multi-modal learning can mitigate this challenge by introducing richer and more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Cairong Zhao , Yufeng Jin , Zifan Song , Haonan Chen , Duoqian Miao , Guosheng Hu

With the wide application of knowledge distillation between an ImageNet pre-trained teacher model and a learnable student model, unsupervised anomaly detection has witnessed a significant achievement in the past few years. The success of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Canhui Tang , Sanping Zhou , Yizhe Li , Yonghao Dong , Le Wang

Knowledge distillation is a strategy of training a student network with guide of the soft output from a teacher network. It has been a successful method of model compression and knowledge transfer. However, currently knowledge distillation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Guangda Ji , Zhanxing Zhu

Adversarial training has been widely explored for mitigating attacks against deep models. However, most existing works are still trapped in the dilemma between higher accuracy and stronger robustness since they tend to fit a model towards…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Guodong Cao , Zhibo Wang , Xiaowei Dong , Zhifei Zhang , Hengchang Guo , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a promising approach for unsupervised Anomaly Detection (AD). However, the student network's over-generalization often diminishes the crucial representation differences between teacher and student in anomalous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Xinyue Liu , Jianyuan Wang , Biao Leng , Shuo Zhang

Distilling knowledge from a large teacher model to a lightweight one is a widely successful approach for generating compact, powerful models in the semi-supervised learning setting where a limited amount of labeled data is available. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Cenk Baykal , Khoa Trinh , Fotis Iliopoulos , Gaurav Menghani , Erik Vee

Neural networks can learn spurious correlations in the data, often leading to performance degradation for underrepresented subgroups. Studies have demonstrated that the disparity is amplified when knowledge is distilled from a complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Patrik Kenfack , Ulrich Aïvodji , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

Knowledge distillation, i.e., one classifier being trained on the outputs of another classifier, is an empirically very successful technique for knowledge transfer between classifiers. It has even been observed that classifiers learn much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Mary Phuong , Christoph H. Lampert

Knowledge Distillation (KD) transfers knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student by aligning their predictive distributions. However, conventional KD formulations - typically based on Kullback-Leibler divergence - assume that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Ondrej Tybl , Lukas Neumann

In the context of artificial neural networks, subliminal learning refers to the transfer of task-relevant knowledge or unintended biases from teacher to student models through distillation on task-unrelated input$\unicode{x2013}$output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Vincent C. Brockers , Roman D. Ventzke , Valentin Neuhaus , Belén Hidalgo-Ogalde , Viola Priesemann

In this paper, we present a thorough evaluation of the efficacy of knowledge distillation and its dependence on student and teacher architectures. Starting with the observation that more accurate teachers often don't make good teachers, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Jang Hyun Cho , Bharath Hariharan