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The extremes of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) variability offer valuable new insights into the drivers and physics of AGN. We discuss some of the most extreme cases of AGN variability; the highest amplitudes, deep minima states, extreme…

The origin of the observed time lags, in nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN), between hard and soft X-ray photons is investigated using new XMM-Newton data for the narrow-line Seyfert I galaxy Ark 564 and existing data for 1H0707-495 and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 E. Legg , L. Miller , T. J. Turner , M. Giustini , J. N. Reeves , S. B. Kraemer

We examine the continuum variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by analyzing the multi-epoch spectroscopic data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. To achieve this, we utilized approximately 2 million spectroscopy pairwise combinations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-13 Minjin Kim , Suyeon Son , Luis C. Ho

We report a serendipitous discovery of six very low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) only by optical variability in one-month baseline. The detected flux variability is ~ 1-5% of the total luminosity of host galaxies. Careful…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Tomonori Totani , Takahiro Sumi , George Kosugi , Naoki Yasuda , Mamoru Doi , Takeshi Oda

The variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is ubiquitous but has not yet been understood. Measuring the optical variation properties of AGNs, such as variation timescale and amplitude, and then correlating them with their fundamental…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-01-11 Xu-Fan Hu , Zhen-Yi Cai , Jun-Xian Wang

Changing-look active galactic nuclei (CL-AGNs) exhibit dramatic spectral variability on unexpectedly short timescales, challenging standard accretion flow models. Despite growing samples, the physical drivers of this extreme variability,…

The changing-look active galactic nucleus (CL-AGN), an extraordinary subpopulation of supermassive black holes, has attracted growing attention for understanding its nature. We present an analysis of the spectral properties of 203…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-13 Yu-Heng Shen , Kai-Xing Lu , Wei-Jian Guo , Sha-Sha Li , Hai-Cheng Feng , Zhang Yue , Wen-Zhe Xi , Jian-Guo Wang , Jin-Ming Bai

The origin of the optical flux variability in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is largely unknown. Previous studies have correlated features of the variability structure function (SF) with AGN properties, though they mostly involved…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-06 Ashley Hai Tung Tan , Christian Wolf , Neelesh Amrutha , Christopher A. Onken , John L. Tonry , Rachel Webster

In this paper, we propose a new approach to determining cosmological distances to active galactic nuclei (AGN) via light travel-time arguments, which can be extended from nearby sources to very high redshift sources. The key assumption is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-08 Jeffrey A. Hodgson , Benjamin L'Huillier , Ioannis Liodakis , Sang-Sung Lee , Arman Shafieloo

A sample of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) at 2cm is studied to test the isotropic distribution of radio sources in the sky and their uniform distribution in space. The sample is complete flux-density limits of 1.5Jy for positive…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 T. G. Arshakian , E. Ros , J. A. Zensus , M. L. Lister

Temporal analysis of X-ray binaries and Active Galactic Nuclei have shown that hard X-rays react to variation of soft ones after a time delay. The opposite trend, or soft lag, has only been seen in a few rare Quasi-periodic Oscillations in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 Shruti Tripathi , Ranjeev Misra , Gulab Dewangan , Shantanu Rastogi

We conducted an analysis of gamma-ray variability in a large sample of jetted active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by utilizing archival Fermi-LAT light curves and applying damped random walk modeling to obtain variability amplitude. Our primary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-21 Yongyun Chen , Qiusheng Gu , Junhui Fan , Dingrong Xiong , Xiaoling Yu , Xiaogu Zhong , Xiaotong Guo , Nan Ding

Variability of radio-emitting active galactic nuclei can be used to probe both intrinsic variations arising from shocks, flares, and other changes in emission from regions surrounding the central supermassive black hole, as well as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-01-21 Hayley Bignall , Steve Croft , Talvikki Hovatta , Jun Yi Koay , Joseph Lazio , Jean-Pierre Macquart , Cormac Reynolds

We have used Kepler photometry to characterize variability in four radio-loud active galactic nuclei (three quasars and one object tentatively identified as a Seyfert 1.5 galaxy) on timescales from minutes to months, comparable to the light…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-15 Ann E. Wehrle , Paul J. Wiita , Stephen C. Unwin , Paolo Di Lorenzo , Mitchell Revalski , Daniel Silano , Dan Sprague

We searched a short-term radio variability in an active galactic nucleus PKS 1510-089. A daily flux monitoring for 143 days at 8.4 GHz was performed, and VLBI observations at 8.4, 22, and 43 GHz were carried out 4 times during the flux…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-22 Akiko Kadota , Kenta Fujisawa , Satoko Sawada-Satoh , Kiyoaki Wajima , Akihiro Doi

Changing-Look Active Galactic Nuclei (CLAGN) are characterised by extreme variations in line emission over short timescales, mostly affecting broad H$\beta$ lines. While a few hundred CLAGN are known, a complete sample of turn-on CLAGN is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-31 Neelesh Amrutha , Christian Wolf , Christopher A. Onken , Wei Jeat Hon , Samuel Lai , John L. Tonry , Rachel Webster

Increasing evidence shows that AGN with radio detections have more perturbed ionized gas kinematics and higher outflow detection rates, suggesting a link between radio emission and these processes. In galaxies with weak or ambiguous AGN…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-04 Marco Albán , Dominika Wylezalek , Pranav Kukreti , Rogemar A. Riffel , Rogerio Riffel

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are supermassive black holes with luminous accretion disks found in some galaxies, and are thought to play an important role in galaxy evolution. However, traditional optical spectroscopy for identifying AGN…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-12-16 Ziting Guo , John F. Wu , Chelsea E. Sharon

We present a new high-resolution N-body/SPH simulation of an encounter of two gas-rich disk galaxies which closely matches the morphology and kinematics of the interacting Antennae galaxies (NGC 4038/39). The simulation includes radiative…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Simon J. Karl , Thorsten Naab , Peter H. Johansson , Hanna Kotarba , Christian M. Boily , Florent Renaud , Christian Theis

We present a catalog of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) continuum properties of 98 nearby ($z <$ 0.05) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from the 70-month Swift/BAT hard X-ray catalog that have precisely determined X-ray spectral…