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Fast, reliable logical operations are essential for realizing useful quantum computers. By redundantly encoding logical qubits into many physical qubits and using syndrome measurements to detect and correct errors, one can achieve low…

Quantum distillation is the task of concentrating quantum correlations present in 'N' imperfect copies using free operations by involving all 'P' parties sharing the quantum correlations. We present a threshold quantum distillation task…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Shashank Gupta , William John Munro , Carlos Cid

Distributed quantum computing allows the modular construction of large-scale quantum computers and enables new protocols for blind quantum computation. However, such applications in the large-scale, fault-tolerant regime place stringent…

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes promise constant-rate, linear-distance families with bounded-weight checks, and recent work has realized transversal or constant-depth non-Clifford gates on various (often non-LDPC) codes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Mohammad Rowshan

Preparation of high-fidelity logical magic states has remained as a necessary but daunting step towards building a large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computer. One approach is to fault-tolerantly prepare a magic state in one code and then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Lucas Daguerre , Robin Blume-Kohout , Natalie C. Brown , David Hayes , Isaac H. Kim

Recently we proposed a family of magic state distillation protocols that obtains asymptotic performance that is conjectured to be optimal. This family depends upon several codes, called "inner codes" and "outer codes." We presented some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-09 Jeongwan Haah , Matthew B. Hastings , D. Poulin , D. Wecker

Distributed quantum computing can potentially address the scalability challenge by networking processors through photon-mediated remote entanglement. Prior approaches assumed that remote Bell pairs require distillation before use, incurring…

State distillation is the process of taking a number of imperfect copies of a particular quantum state and producing fewer better copies. Until recently, the lowest overhead method of distilling states |A>=(|0>+e^{i\pi/4}|1>)/\sqrt{2}…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-12 Austin G. Fowler , Simon J. Devitt , Cody Jones

Fault-tolerant, error-corrected quantum computation is commonly acknowledged to be crucial to the realisation of large-scale quantum algorithms that could lead to extremely impactful scientific or commercial results. Achieving a universal…

We present quantum protocols for executing arbitrarily accurate $\pi/2^k$ rotations of a qubit about its $Z$ axis. Reduced instruction set computing (\textsc{risc}) architectures typically restrict the instruction set to stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-16 Andrew J. Landahl , Chris Cesare

As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

Quantum error correction represents a significant advancement in large-scale quantum computing. However, achieving fault-tolerant implementations of non-Clifford logical gates with reduced overhead remains a challenge in the popular surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Zhi-Cheng He , Zheng-Yuan Xue

We present a protocol for fault-tolerantly implementing the logical quantum random access memory (QRAM) operation, given access to a specialized, noisy QRAM device. For coherently accessing classical memories of size $2^n$, our protocol…

We introduce a mixed-state magic criterion, the Triangle Criterion, which plays a role for magic analogous to the Positive Partial Transposition (PPT) Criterion for entanglement: it combines strong detection capability, a clear geometric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Zhenhuan Liu , Tobias Haug , Qi Ye , Zi-Wen Liu , Ingo Roth

Entanglement is essential for quantum information processing, but is limited by noise. We address this by developing high-yield entanglement distillation protocols with several advancements. (1) We extend the 2-to-1 recurrence entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Yu Shi , Ashlesha Patil , Saikat Guha

In this paper we outline a method for a compiler to translate any non fault tolerant quantum circuit to the geometric representation of the lattice surgery error-correcting code using inherent merge and split operations. Since the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-27 Daniel Herr , Franco Nori , Simon J. Devitt

When calculating the overhead of a quantum algorithm made fault-tolerant using the surface code, many previous works have used defects and braids for logical qubit storage and state distillation. In this work, we show that lattice surgery…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Austin G. Fowler , Craig Gidney

A quantum computer can solve hard problems - such as prime factoring, database searching, and quantum simulation - at the cost of needing to protect fragile quantum states from error. Quantum error correction provides this protection, by…

We propose a novel technique for optimizing a modular fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture, taking into account any desired space-time trade-offs between the number of physical qubits and the fault-tolerant execution time of a…

Non-Clifford gates are frequently exclusively implemented on fault-tolerant architectures by first distilling magic states in specialised magic-state factories. In the rest of the architecture, the computational space, magic states can then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Eddie Schoute
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