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As large language models (LLMs) become pervasive as assistants and thought partners, it is important to characterize their persuasive influence on users' beliefs. However, a central challenge is to distinguish "beneficial" from "harmful"…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Luke Hewitt , Maximilian Kroner Dale , Paul de Font-Reaulx

Medical conversational AI (AI) plays a pivotal role in the development of safer and more effective medical dialogue systems. However, existing benchmarks and evaluation frameworks for assessing the information-gathering and diagnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Lecheng Gong , Weimin Fang , Ting Yang , Dongjie Tao , Chunxiao Guo , Peng Wei , Bo Xie , Jinqun Guan , Zixiao Chen , Fang Shi , Jinjie Gu , Junwei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in solving various tasks, progressively evolving into general-purpose assistants. The increasing integration of LLMs into society has sparked interest in whether they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yuan Li , Yue Huang , Hongyi Wang , Ying Cheng , Xiangliang Zhang , James Zou , Lichao Sun

Large language models (LLMs) enable increasingly capable tutoring-style conversational agents, yet effective tutoring requires sensitivity to learners' affective and cognitive states beyond text alone. Facial expressions provide immediate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Shuangquan Feng , Laura Fleig , Ruisen Tu , Philip Chi , Edmund Bu , Melinda Ozel , Junhua Ma , Teng Fei , Virginia R. de Sa

As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition from static tools to autonomous agents, traditional evaluation benchmarks that measure performance on downstream tasks are becoming insufficient. These methods fail to capture the emergent social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Zarreen Reza

Large language models are routinely deployed on text that varies widely in emotional tone, yet their reasoning behavior is typically evaluated without accounting for emotion as a source of representational variation. Prior work has largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Benjamin Reichman , Adar Avsian , Samuel Webster , Larry Heck

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly engaged in emotionally vulnerable conversations that extend beyond information seeking to moments of personal distress. As they adopt affective tones and simulate empathy, they risk creating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Sewon Kim , Jiwon Kim , Seungwoo Shin , Hyejin Chung , Daeun Moon , Yejin Kwon , Hyunsoo Yoon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in natural language reasoning, yet their application to Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) remains limited. CTI analysis involves distilling large volumes of unstructured…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Md Tanvirul Alam , Dipkamal Bhusal , Salman Ahmad , Nidhi Rastogi , Peter Worth

Clinical reasoning in medicine is a hypothesis-driven process where physicians refine diagnoses from limited information through targeted history, physical examination, and diagnostic investigations. In contrast, current medical benchmarks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Christopher Chiu , Silviu Pitis , Mihaela van der Schaar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced Table Question Answering, where most queries can be answered by extracting information or simple aggregation. However, a common class of real-world queries is implicitly predictive, requiring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 An-Yang Ji , Jun-Peng Jiang , De-Chuan Zhan , Han-Jia Ye

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have driven major advances in language understanding, marking a significant step toward artificial general intelligence (AGI). With increasing demands for higher-level semantics and cross-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuntao Shou , Tao Meng , Wei Ai , Keqin Li

Emotions play a critical role in our everyday lives by altering how we perceive, process and respond to our environment. Affective computing aims to instill in computers the ability to detect and act on the emotions of human actors. A core…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Connor T. Heaton , David M. Schwartz

Large language models (LLMs) excel at explicit reasoning, but their implicit computational strategies remain underexplored. Decades of psychophysics research show that humans intuitively process and integrate noisy signals using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Julian Ma , Jun Wang , Zafeirios Fountas

LLMs exhibit promising Social Intelligence (SI) in modeling human behavior, raising the need to evaluate LLMs' SI and their discrepancy with humans. SI equips humans with interpersonal abilities to behave wisely in navigating social…

Scarce longitudinal evidence examines LLMs' persuasiveness and humanness along time-evolving psychological frameworks. We introduce Talk2AI, a longitudinal framework quantifying psycho-social, reasoning and affective dimensions of LLMs'…

To evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) for question answering (QA), traditional methods typically focus on assessing single-turn responses to given questions. However, this approach doesn't capture the dynamic nature of human-AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ruosen Li , Ruochen Li , Barry Wang , Xinya Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently showcased their remarkable capacities, not only in natural language processing tasks but also across diverse domains such as clinical medicine, legal consultation, and education. LLMs become more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jen-tse Huang , Wenxuan Wang , Eric John Li , Man Ho Lam , Shujie Ren , Youliang Yuan , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

We introduce SimulBench, a benchmark designed to evaluate large language models (LLMs) across a diverse collection of creative simulation scenarios, such as acting as a Linux terminal or playing text games with users. While these simulation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Qi Jia , Xiang Yue , Tianyu Zheng , Jie Huang , Bill Yuchen Lin

Limited access to mental healthcare, extended wait times, and increasing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led individuals to turn to LLMs for fulfilling their mental health needs. However, examining the multi-turn mental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Mohit Chandra , Siddharth Sriraman , Harneet Singh Khanuja , Yiqiao Jin , Munmun De Choudhury

Humans convey emotions through daily dialogues, making emotion understanding a crucial step of affective intelligence. To understand emotions in dialogues, machines are asked to recognize the emotion for an utterance (Emotion Recognition in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jiangnan Li , Zheng Lin , Lanrui Wang , Qingyi Si , Yanan Cao , Mo Yu , Peng Fu , Weiping Wang , Jie Zhou