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Close hyperbolic encounters of black holes (BHs) generate certain Burst With Memory (BWM) events in the frequency windows of the operational, planned, and proposed gravitational wave (GW) observatories. We present detailed explorations of…

Gravitational-wave (GW) observations provide unique information about compact objects. As detectors sensitivity increases, new astrophysical sources of GW could emerge. Close hyperbolic encounters are one such source class: scattering of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-06 Sophie Bini , Shubhanshu Tiwari , Yumeng Xu , Leigh Smith , Michael Ebersold , Giacomo Principe , Maria Haney , Philippe Jetzer , Giovanni A. Prodi

Binary black hole hyperbolic encounters represent a dynamical interaction in which two black holes undergo a close fly-by, emitting gravitational-wave bremsstrahlung in the form of a short-duration, single-cycle transient. These events are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-02 Peter Lott , Heleen Amedi , Jay Graves , Yeong-Bok Bae , Margaret Millhouse , Laura Cadonati

Gravitational waves from $\sim 90$ black holes binary systems have currently been detected by the LIGO and Virgo experiments, and their progenitors' properties inferred. This allowed the scientific community to draw conclusions on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-13 Rossella Gamba , Matteo Breschi , Gregorio Carullo , Piero Rettegno , Simone Albanesi , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Alessandro Nagar

The hyperbolic encounters of two massive objects are characterized by the emission of a gravitational wave burst, with most of the energy released during the closest approach (near the periastron). The detection of such events, different…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-04 Marienza Caldarola , Sachiko Kuroyanagi , Savvas Nesseris , Juan Garcia-Bellido

We describe in detail gravitational wave bursts from Primordial Black Hole (PBH) hyperbolic encounters. The bursts are one-time events, with the bulk of the released energy happening during the closest approach, which can be emitted in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-18 Juan Garcia-Bellido , Savvas Nesseris

In the dense regions of star clusters, close encounters with black holes (BHs) can occur giving rise to a new class of gravitational-wave (GW) signals. Binary-single encounters between three BHs are expected to dominate the rate of signals…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-17 Elena Codazzo , Matteo Di Giovanni , Jan Harms

In recent years, the proposal that there is a large population of primordial black holes living in dense clusters has been gaining popularity. One natural consequence of these dense clusters will be that the black holes inside will…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-20 Gonzalo Morrás , Juan García-Bellido , Savvas Nesseris

We present a new method to search for gravitational waves from quasinormal modes in the ringdowns of the remnants of the mergers of the binary black hole systems. The method is based on maximum likelihood estimation. We derive a time-domain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-28 A. Królak , O. Dorosh

We explore the dynamics and gravitational-wave emission from black hole pairs on unbound orbits undergoing close hyperbolic encounters (CHEs) in dense astrophysical environments. While General Relativity predicts gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-27 Jenna Bruton , Peter Dunsby , Alvaro de la Cruz-Dombriz

In this brief article, we pursue the systematic investigation of possible gravitational wave sources in the gigahertz band. We focus on hyperbolic encounters of light black holes and evaluate precisely the expected signal when accounting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-04 Aurélien Barrau , Juan García-Bellido , Killian Martineau , Martin Teuscher

Gravitational Wave (GW) astronomy promises to observe different kinds of astrophysical sources. Here we explore the possibility of detection of GWs from hyperbolic interactions of compact stars with ground-based interferometric detectors.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-29 Sajal Mukherjee , Sanjit Mitra , Sourav Chatterjee

The recently discovered gravitational wave event GW231123 was interpreted as the merger of two black holes with a total mass of 190-265 $M_\odot$, making it the heaviest such merger detected to date. Whilst much of the post-discovery…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-27 Qian Hu , Harsh Narola , Jef Heynen , Mick Wright , John Veitch , Justin Janquart , Chris Van Den Broeck

Current matched-filter searches for gravitational waves from binary black-hole mergers compare the calibrated detector data to waveform templates that omit the higher-order mode content of the signals predicted by General Relativity.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-14 Koustav Chandra , Juan Calderón Bustillo , Archana Pai , Ian Harry

We examine the main properties of gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by transient hyperbolic encounters of black holes. We begin by building the set of basic variables most relevant to setting our problem. After exposing the ranges of masses…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-05 Martin Teuscher , Aurélien Barrau , Killian Martineau

GW190521 is a short-duration, low-frequency gravitational-wave signal in the LIGO-Virgo catalogue. The signal is consistent with the ringdown and possibly some of the inspiral-merger of an intermediate-mass binary black-hole coalescence. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-25 Harrison Siegel , Maximiliano Isi , Will Farr

We report a degeneracy between the gravitational-wave signals from quasi-circular precessing black-hole mergers and those from extremely eccentric mergers, namely head-on collisions. Performing model selection on numerically simulated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-19 Juan Calderón Bustillo , Nicolas Sanchis-Gual , Alejandro Torres-Forné , José A. Font

We propose that Gravitational Wave (GW) bursts with millisecond durations can be explained by the GW emission from the hyperbolic encounters of Primordial Black Holes in dense clusters. These bursts are single events, with the bulk of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-03 Juan Garcia-Bellido , Savvas Nesseris

Many traditional algorithms applied in gravitational-wave astronomy rely on the assumption of Gaussian noise, a condition not always met. To meet this need, this study extends a robust statistical framework, advancing previous work on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-26 Argyro Sasli , Minas Karamanis , Nikolaos Karnesis , Michael W. Coughlin , Vuk Mandic , Uroš Seljak , Nikolaos Stergioulas

The spectroscopic study of black hole quasinormal modes in gravitational-wave ringdown observations is hindered by our ignorance of which modes should dominate astrophysical signals for different binary configurations, limiting tests of…

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