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The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is a rich resource of cosmological information, encoded both in its source statistics and anisotropies induced by propagation effects. We provide a theoretical description of it, without…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-17 Alice Garoffolo

We explore different facets of the action of linearized gravitational waves in Minkowski spacetime background upon light, under the electromagnetic geometrical optics limit, covering the main aspects: light trajectory perturbations, radar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-05 João C. Lobato , Isabela S. Matos , Lucas T. Santana , Ribamar R. R. Reis , Maurício O. Calvão

The study of light lensed by cosmic matter has yielded much information about astrophysical questions. Observations are explained using geometrical optics following a ray-based description of light. After deflection the lensed light…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-22 Valeria Rodriguez-Fajardo , Thao P. Nguyen , Kiyan S. Hocek , Jacob M. Freedman , Enrique J. Galvez

The amplification of a light beam due to intervening gravitational waves is studied. The previous Jordan frame result according to which the amplification is many orders of magnitude larger in scalar-tensor gravity than in general…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Valerio Faraoni , Edgard Gunzig

We compute the effects of a stochastic background of gravitational waves on multiply imaged systems or on weak lensing. There are two possible observable effects, a static relative deflection of images or shear, and an induced time…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-30 Rennan Bar-Kana

In light of the newly opened and rapidly growing gravitational waves window in multi-messenger astronomy, in order to fully take advantage of the new opportunities we are provided with, new ideas are required for a better and deeper employ…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-06 Paolo Cremonese , Vincenzo Salzano

The mass-sheet degeneracy is a well-known problem in gravitational lensing which limits our capability to infer astrophysical lens properties or cosmological parameters from observations. As the number of gravitational wave observations…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Paolo Cremonese , Jose María Ezquiaga , Vincenzo Salzano

Frequency-dependent gravitational lens effects are found for trajectories of electromagnetic rays passing through a distribution of plasma near a massive object. Ray propagation through plasma adds extra terms to the equations of motion…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-02 Adam Rogers

Gravitational waves can act like gravitational lenses, affecting the observed positions, brightnesses, and redshifts of distant objects. Exact expressions for such effects are derived here in general relativity, allowing for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-08-26 Abraham I. Harte

We present the geometric optics expansion for circularly polarized gravitational waves on a curved spacetime background, to subleading order. We call spin optics to the subleading order geometric optics expansion, which involves modifying…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-07 Pravin Kumar Dahal

Gravitational waves (GWs) are direct probes of cosmological gravity, sensitive to space-time inhomogeneities along their propagation. The presence of massive objects breaks homogeneity and isotropy, allowing for new interactions between…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-12 Nicola Menadeo , Serena Giardino , Miguel Zumalacárregui

The increase in gravitational wave (GW) events has allowed receiving strong lensing image pairs of GWs. However, the wave effect (diffraction and interference) due to the microlens field contaminates the parameter estimation of the image…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-24 Xikai Shan , Guoliang Li , Xuechun Chen , Wenwen Zheng , Wen Zhao

We consider the possible effects of gravitational lensing by globular clusters on gravitational waves from asymmetric neutron stars in our galaxy. In the lensing of gravitational waves, the long wavelength, compared with the usual case of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-15 Andrew J. Moylan , David E. McClelland , Susan M. Scott , Antony C. Searle , G. V. Bicknell

We consider the nonunitary quantum dynamics of neutral massless scalar particles used to model photons around a massive gravitational lens. The gravitational interaction between the lensing mass and asymptotically free particles is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-09 Charles H. -T. Wang , Elliott Mansfield , Teodora Oniga

In this work, we investigate the generation and propagation of gravitational waves within a minimal gravitational SME (Standard Model Extension). Starting from the modified graviton dispersion relation derived in the linearized gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-16 A. A. Araújo Filho , N. Heidari , Iarley P. Lobo

This work studies interference patterns created by simple lens models (point mass, Chang-Refsdal, and binary lens) in the wave optics regime, primarily in the context of lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) in the LIGO band at frequencies…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-24 Ashish Kumar Meena

We discuss the gravitational lensing of gravitational wave signals from coalescing binaries. We delineate the regime where wave effects are significant from the regime where geometric limit can be used. Further, we focus on the effect of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-18 Ashish Kumar Meena , J S Bagla

In the gravitational lensing of gravitational waves, the wave optics should be used instead of the geometrical optics when the wavelength $\lambda$ of the gravitational waves is longer than the Schwarzschild radius of the lens mass $M_L$.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ryuichi Takahashi , Takashi Nakamura

Gravitational waves (GWs) offer a new observational window into the universe, providing insights into compact objects and cosmic structures. Gravitational lensing, commonly studied in electromagnetic waves, also affects GWs, introducing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-25 Xing-Yu Yang , Tan Chen , Rong-Gen Cai

Black holes are considered among the most fascinating objects that exist in our universe, since in the classical formalism nothing, even no light, can escape from their vicinity due to gravity. The gravitational potential causes the light…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Sayan Jana , Lea Sirota
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