English
Related papers

Related papers: Approximation Theory for Neural Networks: Old and …

200 papers

Transformer networks have achieved remarkable empirical success across a wide range of applications, yet their theoretical expressive power remains insufficiently understood. In this paper, we study the expressive capabilities of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Linyan Gu , Lihua Yang , Feng Zhou

The remarkable successes of neural networks in a huge variety of inverse problems have fueled their adoption in disciplines ranging from medical imaging to seismic analysis over the past decade. However, the high dimensionality of such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-11 Santhosh Karnik , Rongrong Wang , Mark Iwen

We present a complete theoretical and empirical framework establishing feedforward neural networks as universal finite-state machines (N-FSMs). Our results prove that finite-depth ReLU and threshold networks can exactly simulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sahil Rajesh Dhayalkar

Group symmetry is inherent in a wide variety of data distributions. Data processing that preserves symmetry is described as an equivariant map and often effective in achieving high performance. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-29 Wataru Kumagai , Akiyoshi Sannai

A robust theoretical framework that can describe and predict the generalization ability of deep neural networks (DNNs) in general circumstances remains elusive. Classical attempts have produced complexity metrics that rely heavily on global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Marelie H. Davel , Marthinus W. Theunissen , Arnold M. Pretorius , Etienne Barnard

Feed-forward neural networks (NN) are a staple machine learning method widely used in many areas of science and technology. While even a single-hidden layer NN is a universal approximator, its expressive power is limited by the use of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-28 Sergei Manzhos , Manabu Ihara

A fully tensorial theoretical framework for hypercomplex-valued neural networks is presented. The proposed approach enables neural network architectures to operate on data defined over arbitrary finite-dimensional algebras. The central…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Agnieszka Niemczynowicz , Radosław Antoni Kycia

This paper quantitatively characterizes the approximation power of deep feed-forward neural networks (FNNs) in terms of the number of neurons. It is shown by construction that ReLU FNNs with width $\mathcal{O}\big(\max\{d\lfloor…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

In this paper, we aim at establishing an approximation theory and a learning theory of distribution regression via a fully connected neural network (FNN). In contrast to the classical regression methods, the input variables of distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-10 Zhongjie Shi , Zhan Yu , Ding-Xuan Zhou

In this paper, we establish universal approximation theorems for neural networks applied to general nonlinear ill-posed operator equations. In addition to the approximation error, the measurement error is also taken into account in our…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Lan Wang , Qiao Zhu , Bangti Jin , Ye Zhang

A neural network computes a function. A central property of neural networks is that they are "universal approximators:" for a given continuous function, there exists a neural network that can approximate it arbitrarily well, given enough…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Arthur Choi , Ruocheng Wang , Adnan Darwiche

A practical limitation of deep neural networks is their high degree of specialization to a single task and visual domain. Recently, inspired by the successes of transfer learning, several authors have proposed to learn instead universal,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Sylvestre-Alvise Rebuffi , Hakan Bilen , Andrea Vedaldi

A three-hidden-layer neural network with super approximation power is introduced. This network is built with the floor function ($\lfloor x\rfloor$), the exponential function ($2^x$), the step function ($1_{x\geq 0}$), or their compositions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

A candidate explanation of the good empirical performance of deep neural networks is the implicit regularization effect of first order optimization methods. Inspired by this, we prove a convergence theorem for nonconvex composite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Dávid Terjék , Diego González-Sánchez

We make the case for neural network objects and extend an already existing neural network calculus explained in detail in Chapter 2 on \cite{bigbook}. Our aim will be to show that, yes, indeed, it makes sense to talk about neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Shakil Rafi , Joshua Lee Padgett , Ukash Nakarmi

Density-functional theory is a formally exact description of a many-body quantum system in terms of its density; in practice, however, approximations to the universal density functional are required. In this work, a model based on deep…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-08-02 Jeffrey M. McMahon

This paper develops a randomized approach for incrementally building deep neural networks, where a supervisory mechanism is proposed to constrain the random assignment of the weights and biases, and all the hidden layers have direct links…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Dianhui Wang , Ming Li

A new non-linear variant of a quantitative extension of the uniform boundedness principle is used to show sharpness of error bounds for univariate approximation by sums of sigmoid and ReLU functions. Single hidden layer feedforward neural…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-18 Steffen Goebbels

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are very successful at solving challenging problems with sequential data. However, this observed efficiency is not yet entirely explained by theory. It is known that a certain class of multiplicative RNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Valentin Khrulkov , Oleksii Hrinchuk , Ivan Oseledets

We explore the approximation capabilities of Transformer networks for H\"older and Sobolev functions, and apply these results to address nonparametric regression estimation with dependent observations. First, we establish novel upper bounds…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-17 Yuling Jiao , Yanming Lai , Defeng Sun , Yang Wang , Bokai Yan