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Prompt engineering has proven to be a crucial step in leveraging pretrained large language models (LLMs) in solving various real-world tasks. Numerous solutions have been proposed that seek to automate prompt engineering by using the model…

Prompt-based fine-tuning has boosted the performance of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) on few-shot text classification by employing task-specific prompts. Yet, PLMs are unfamiliar with prompt-style expressions during pre-training, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Jianing Wang , Chengyu Wang , Fuli Luo , Chuanqi Tan , Minghui Qiu , Fei Yang , Qiuhui Shi , Songfang Huang , Ming Gao

Recent self-rewarding large language models (LLM) have successfully applied LLM-as-a-Judge to iteratively improve the alignment performance without the need of human annotations for preference data. These methods commonly utilize the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zhaoyang Wang , Weilei He , Zhiyuan Liang , Xuchao Zhang , Chetan Bansal , Ying Wei , Weitong Zhang , Huaxiu Yao

Recent reasoning-focused language models such as DeepSeek R1 and OpenAI o1 have demonstrated strong performance on structured reasoning benchmarks including GSM8K, MATH, and multi-hop question answering tasks. However, their performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Rahul Soni

In recent research advancements within the community, large language models (LLMs) have sparked great interest in creating autonomous agents. However, current prompt-based agents often heavily rely on large-scale LLMs. Meanwhile, although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xueyang Feng , Bo Lan , Quanyu Dai , Lei Wang , Jiakai Tang , Xu Chen , Zhenhua Dong , Ji-Rong Wen

Despite their outstanding performance, large language models (LLMs) suffer notorious flaws related to their preference for simple, surface-level textual relations over full semantic complexity of the problem. This proposal investigates a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Michal Štefánik

The advent of Large Language Models (LLM) has reformed the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). Prompting LLM with audio embeddings to generate transcriptions becomes the new state-of-the-art ASR. Despite LLMs being trained with an extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Yingyi Ma , Zhe Liu , Ozlem Kalinli

This study addresses the generalization limitations commonly observed in large language models under multi-task and cross-domain settings. Unlike prior methods such as SPoT, which depends on fixed prompt templates, our study introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Xin Hu , Yue Kang , Guanzi Yao , Tianze Kang , Mengjie Wang , Heyao Liu

In recent years, the use of prompts to guide the output of Large Language Models have increased dramatically. However, even the best of experts struggle to choose the correct words to stitch up a prompt for the desired task. To solve this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yash Jain , Vishal Chowdhary

Compressed prompts aid instruction-tuned language models (LMs) in overcoming context window limitations and reducing computational costs. Existing methods, which primarily based on training embeddings, face various challenges associated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hoyoun Jung , Kyung-Joong Kim

LLM-based automatic speech recognition models demonstrate strong performance by connecting audio encoders and LLMs. However, data scarcity of paired speech and transcription often hinders their adaptation to new domains, making text-only…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ryo Magoshi , Takashi Maekaku , Yusuke Shinohara

The extraordinary capabilities of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 are in part unleashed by aligning them with reward models that are trained on human preferences, which are often represented as rankings of responses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ziang Song , Tianle Cai , Jason D. Lee , Weijie J. Su

Recently, prompt tuning (PT) has gained increasing attention as a parameter-efficient way of tuning pre-trained language models (PLMs). Despite extensively reducing the number of tunable parameters and achieving satisfying performance, PT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Yufei Huang , Yujia Qin , Huadong Wang , Yichun Yin , Maosong Sun , Zhiyuan Liu , Qun Liu

Generating structured textual content requires mechanisms that enforce coherence, stability, and adherence to predefined constraints while maintaining semantic fidelity. Conventional approaches often rely on rule-based heuristics or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Derek Yotheringhay , Beatrix Nightingale , Maximilian Featherstone , Edmund Worthington , Hugo Ashdown

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has been crucial in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values. Traditionally, RLHF involves generating responses to a query and using a reward model to assign a reward to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Wenxuan Zhou , Shujian Zhang , Lingxiao Zhao , Tao Meng

The effectiveness of reinforcement learning (RL) agents in continuous control robotics tasks is mainly dependent on the design of the underlying reward function, which is highly prone to reward hacking. A misalignment between the reward…

This paper describes the IUST NLP Lab submission to the Prompting Large Language Models as Explainable Metrics Shared Task at the Eval4NLP 2023 Workshop on Evaluation & Comparison of NLP Systems. We have proposed a zero-shot prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Ghazaleh Mahmoudi

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies heavily on the quality of prompts, which are often manually engineered and task-specific, making them costly and non-scalable. We propose a novel approach, Supervisory Prompt Training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Jean Ghislain Billa , Min Oh , Liang Du

Prompt optimization is essential for effective utilization of large language models (LLMs) across diverse tasks. While existing optimization methods are effective in optimizing short prompts, they struggle with longer, more complex ones,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Shanu Kumar , Akhila Yesantarao Venkata , Shubhanshu Khandelwal , Bishal Santra , Parag Agrawal , Manish Gupta

Language Model Programs, i.e. sophisticated pipelines of modular language model (LM) calls, are increasingly advancing NLP tasks, but they require crafting prompts that are jointly effective for all modules. We study prompt optimization for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Krista Opsahl-Ong , Michael J Ryan , Josh Purtell , David Broman , Christopher Potts , Matei Zaharia , Omar Khattab