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Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have achieved remarkable learning ability for dealing with various graph structural data recently. In general, deep GCNs do not work well since graph convolution in conventional GCNs is a special form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Zhilong Xiong , Jia Cai

Graph neural networks (GNNs) model nonlinear representations in graph data with applications in distributed agent coordination, control, and planning among others. Current GNN architectures assume ideal scenarios and ignore link…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-01 Zhan Gao , Elvin Isufi , Alejandro Ribeiro

Despite much research, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) still do not display the favorable scaling properties of other deep neural networks such as Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformers. Previous work has identified issues such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Ameen Ali , Hakan Cevikalp , Lior Wolf

Current GNN-oriented NAS methods focus on the search for different layer aggregate components with shallow and simple architectures, which are limited by the 'over-smooth' problem. To further explore the benefits from structural diversity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Guosheng Feng , Chunnan Wang , Hongzhi Wang

The drastic performance degradation of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) as the depth of the graph propagation layers exceeds 8-10 is widely attributed to a phenomenon of Over-smoothing. Although recent research suggests that Over-smoothing may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Jie Peng , Runlin Lei , Zhewei Wei

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as one of the leading approaches for machine learning on graph-structured data. Despite their great success, critical computational challenges such as over-smoothing, over-squashing, and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Zhiqi Shao , Dai Shi , Andi Han , Yi Guo , Qibin Zhao , Junbin Gao

Since the proposal of the graph neural network (GNN) by Gori et al. (2005) and Scarselli et al. (2008), one of the major problems in training GNNs was their struggle to propagate information between distant nodes in the graph. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Uri Alon , Eran Yahav

Oversmoothing in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) refers to the phenomenon where increasing network depth leads to homogeneous node representations. While previous work has established that Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) exponentially lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xinyi Wu , Amir Ajorlou , Zihui Wu , Ali Jadbabaie

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful deep learning methods for Non-Euclidean data. Popular GNNs are message-passing algorithms (MPNNs) that aggregate and combine signals in a local graph neighborhood. However, shallow MPNNs tend to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-08 Ningyuan Huang , Soledad Villar , Carey E. Priebe , Da Zheng , Chengyue Huang , Lin Yang , Vladimir Braverman

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are limited in their propagation operators. In many cases, these operators often contain non-negative elements only and are shared across channels, limiting the expressiveness of GNNs. Moreover, some GNNs suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Moshe Eliasof , Lars Ruthotto , Eran Treister

GNNs are widely used to solve various tasks including node classification and link prediction. Most of the GNN architectures assume the initial embedding to be random or generated from popular distributions. These initial embeddings require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Shraban Kumar Chatterjee , Suman Kundu

Subgraph GNNs enhance message-passing GNNs expressivity by representing graphs as sets of subgraphs, demonstrating impressive performance across various tasks. However, their scalability is hindered by the need to process large numbers of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Guy Bar-Shalom , Yam Eitan , Fabrizio Frasca , Haggai Maron

Message passing is a core mechanism in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), enabling the iterative update of node embeddings by aggregating information from neighboring nodes. Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) exemplify this approach by adapting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Mayssa Soussia , Gita Ayu Salsabila , Mohamed Ali Mahjoub , Islem Rekik

The performance of graph neural nets (GNNs) is known to gradually decrease with increasing number of layers. This decay is partly attributed to oversmoothing, where repeated graph convolutions eventually make node embeddings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Lingxiao Zhao , Leman Akoglu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are information processing architectures for signals supported on graphs. They are presented here as generalizations of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in which individual layers contain banks of graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Luana Ruiz , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved strong performance in various applications. In the real world, network data is usually formed in a streaming fashion. The distributions of patterns that refer to neighborhood information of nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Junshan Wang , Guojie Song , Yi Wu , Liang Wang

A graph convolutional network (GCN) employs a graph filtering kernel tailored for data with irregular structures. However, simply stacking more GCN layers does not improve performance; instead, the output converges to an uninformative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Jin Zeng , Yang Liu , Gene Cheung , Wei Hu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become the de facto standard for learning on relational data. While traditional GNNs' message passing is well suited for vector-valued node features, there are cases in which node features are better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 André Ribeiro , Ana Luiza Tenório , Tiago da Silva , Diego Mesquita

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have received tremendous attention due to their superiority in learning node representations. These models rely on message passing and feature transformation functions to encode the structural and feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Kai Guo , Kaixiong Zhou , Xia Hu , Yu Li , Yi Chang , Xin Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have established themselves as the preferred methodology in a multitude of domains, ranging from computer vision to computational biology, especially in contexts where data inherently conform to graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Yifan Qu , Oliver Krzysik , Hans De Sterck , Omer Ege Kara