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The ubiquity of implicit feedback makes it indispensable for building recommender systems. However, it does not actually reflect the actual satisfaction of users. For example, in E-commerce, a large portion of clicks do not translate to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Liqiang Nie , Tat-Seng Chua

Reinforcement learning (RL) systems typically optimize scalar reward functions that assume precise and reliable evaluation of outcomes. However, real-world objectives--especially those derived from human preferences--are often uncertain,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Disha Singha

One of the main challenges in recommender systems is data sparsity which leads to high variance. Several attempts have been made to improve the bias-variance trade-off using auxiliary information. In particular, document modeling-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Meysam Varasteh , Mehdi Soleiman Nejad , Hadi Moradi , Mohammad Amin Sadeghi , Ahmad Kalhor

In this work, we propose an approach for assessing sensitivity to unobserved confounding in studies with multiple outcomes. We demonstrate how prior knowledge unique to the multi-outcome setting can be leveraged to strengthen causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-26 Jiajing Zheng , Jiaxi Wu , Alexander D'Amour , Alexander Franks

Understanding the effects of interventions is central to scientific progress, with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarded as the gold standard for causal inference in many applied fields. However, RCTs are costly, time-consuming, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-27 Drago Plecko , Patrik Okanovic , Torsten Hoefler , Elias Bareinboim

In recommendation systems (RS), user behavior data is observational rather than experimental, resulting in widespread bias in the data. Consequently, tackling bias has emerged as a major challenge in the field of recommendation systems.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-21 ZiJie Song , JiaWei Chen , Sheng Zhou , QiHao Shi , Yan Feng , Chun Chen , Can Wang

Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based models have become the mainstream approach for recommender systems. Despite the effectiveness, they are still suffering from the cold-start problem, i.e., recommend for few-interaction items. Existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Taichi Liu , Chen Gao , Zhenyu Wang , Dong Li , Jianye Hao , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

Robustness has been extensively studied in reinforcement learning (RL) to handle various forms of uncertainty such as random perturbations, rare events, and malicious attacks. In this work, we consider one critical type of robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Wenhao Ding , Laixi Shi , Yuejie Chi , Ding Zhao

Robustly predicting attention regions of interest for self-driving systems is crucial for driving safety but presents significant challenges due to the labor-intensive nature of obtaining large-scale attention labels and the domain gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Mengshi Qi , Xiaoyang Bi , Pengfei Zhu , Huadong Ma

Evaluating retrieval-ranking systems is crucial for developing high-performing models. While online A/B testing is the gold standard, its high cost and risks to user experience require effective offline methods. However, relying on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Seyedeh Baharan Khatami , Sayan Chakraborty , Ruomeng Xu , Babak Salimi

Recommender systems usually amplify the biases in the data. The model learned from historical interactions with imbalanced item distribution will amplify the imbalance by over-recommending items from the major groups. Addressing this issue…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

This paper introduces the $f$-sensitivity model, a new sensitivity model that characterizes the violation of unconfoundedness in causal inference. It assumes the selection bias due to unmeasured confounding is bounded "on average"; compared…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-07 Ying Jin , Zhimei Ren , Zhengyuan Zhou

Multimodal recommender systems enhance personalized recommendations in e-commerce and online advertising by integrating visual, textual, and user-item interaction data. However, existing methods often overlook two critical biases: (i) modal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jie Yang , Chenyang Gu , Zixuan Liu

Existing cross-modal pedestrian detection (CMPD) employs complementary information from RGB and thermal-infrared (TIR) modalities to detect pedestrians in 24h-surveillance systems.RGB captures rich pedestrian details under daylight, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Qian Bie , Xiao Wang , Bin Yang , Zhixi Yu , Jun Chen , Xin Xu

We study offline recommender learning from explicit rating feedback in the presence of selection bias. A current promising solution for the bias is the inverse propensity score (IPS) estimation. However, the performance of existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-22 Yuta Saito , Masahiro Nomura

User response prediction is a crucial component for personalized information retrieval and filtering scenarios, such as recommender system and web search. The data in user response prediction is mostly in a multi-field categorical format…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Yanru Qu , Bohui Fang , Weinan Zhang , Ruiming Tang , Minzhe Niu , Huifeng Guo , Yong Yu , Xiuqiang He

Two typical forms of bias in user interaction data with recommender systems (RSs) are popularity bias and positivity bias, which manifest themselves as the over-representation of interactions with popular items or items that users prefer,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Jin Huang , Harrie Oosterhuis , Masoud Mansoury , Herke van Hoof , Maarten de Rijke

No unmeasured confounding is often assumed in estimating treatment effects in observational data when using approaches such as propensity scores and inverse probability weighting. However, in many such studies due to the limitation of the…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-06 Rong Huang , Ronghui Xu , Parambir S. Dulai

Top-$K$ recommendation involves inferring latent user preferences and generating personalized recommendations accordingly, which is now ubiquitous in various decision systems. Nonetheless, recommender systems usually suffer from severe…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yishan Han , Biao Xu , Yao Wang , Shanxing Gao

Multi-behavior recommendation faces a critical challenge in practice: auxiliary behaviors (e.g., clicks, carts) are often noisy, weakly correlated, or semantically misaligned with the target behavior (e.g., purchase), which leads to biased…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Miaomiao Cai , Zhijie Zhang , Junfeng Fang , Zhiyong Cheng , Xiang Wang , Meng Wang