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Product classification is a crucial task in international trade, as compliance regulations are verified and taxes and duties are applied based on product categories. Manual classification of products is time-consuming and error-prone, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sina Gholamian , Gianfranco Romani , Bartosz Rudnikowicz , Stavroula Skylaki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding, reasoning, and generation. However, these systems remain susceptible to malicious prompts that induce unsafe or policy-violating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Shayan Ali Hassan , Tao Ni , Zafar Ayyub Qazi , Marco Canini

With the rapid progress of Multimodal LLMs, evaluating their mathematical reasoning capabilities has become an increasingly important research direction. In particular, visual-textual mathematical reasoning serves as a key indicator of an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hao Liang , Linzhuang Sun , Minxuan Zhou , Zirong Chen , Meiyi Qiang , Mingan Lin , Tianpeng Li , Fan Yang , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress on vision-language tasks, yet their reasoning processes remain sometimes unreliable. We introduce PRISM-Bench, a benchmark of puzzle-based visual challenges designed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yusu Qian , Cheng Wan , Chao Jia , Yinfei Yang , Qingyu Zhao , Zhe Gan

Ensembles of generative large language models (LLMs) are a promising way to compensate for individual model limitations, integrating the strengths of different LLMs. Existing LLM ensemble methods, however, face limitations such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Bo Lv , Nayu Liu , Chen Tang , Xin Liu , Yue Yu , Ping Luo

Automated evaluation is crucial for streamlining text summarization benchmarking and model development, given the costly and time-consuming nature of human evaluation. Traditional methods like ROUGE do not correlate well with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Hwanjun Song , Hang Su , Igor Shalyminov , Jason Cai , Saab Mansour

Contrastively trained text-image models have the remarkable ability to perform zero-shot classification, that is, classifying previously unseen images into categories that the model has never been explicitly trained to identify. However,…

Dragon fruit, renowned for its nutritional benefits and economic value, has experienced rising global demand due to its affordability and local availability. As dragon fruit cultivation expands, efficient pre- and post-harvest quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Md Zahurul Haquea , Yeahyea Sarker , Muhammed Farhan Sadique Mahi , Syed Jubayer Jaman , Md Robiul Islam

Few-shot learning (FSL) aims to recognize new concepts using a limited number of visual samples. Existing approaches attempt to incorporate semantic information into the limited visual data for category understanding. However, these methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Mushui Liu , Fangtai Wu , Bozheng Li , Ziqian Lu , Yunlong Yu , Xi Li

Automated model discovery is the process of automatically searching and identifying the most appropriate model for a given dataset over a large combinatorial search space. Existing approaches, however, often face challenges in balancing the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Lee Jung-Mok , Nam Hyeon-Woo , Moon Ye-Bin , Junhyun Nam , Tae-Hyun Oh

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate strong high-level visual reasoning on tasks such as visual question answering and image captioning. Yet existing benchmarks largely overlook their ability to capture fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Rynaa Grover , Jayant Sravan Tamarapalli , Sahiti Yerramilli , Nilay Pande

In this paper, we describe a first publicly available fine-grained product recognition dataset based on leaflet images. Using advertisement leaflets, collected over several years from different European retailers, we provide a total of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Daniel Ladwig , Bianca Lamm , Janis Keuper

Graphical models are powerful tools for capturing conditional dependence structures in complex systems but remain underexplored in analyzing ordinal data, especially in sports analytics. Ordinal variables, such as team rankings, player…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-05 Wang Wen , Ziqi Chen , Guanyu Hu

Plant diseases are a major threat to food security globally. It is important to develop early detection systems which can accurately detect. The advancement in computer vision techniques has the potential to solve this challenge. We have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Anand Kumar , Harminder Pal Monga , Tapasi Brahma , Satyam Kalra , Navas Sherif

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) for mathematical reasoning have largely focused on tasks with easily verifiable final answers while generating and verifying natural language math proofs remains an open challenge. We identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenjie Ma , Andrei Cojocaru , Neel Kolhe , Bradley Louie , Robin Said Sharif , Haihan Zhang , Vincent Zhuang , Matei Zaharia , Sewon Min

Preventable or undiagnosed visual impairment and blindness affect billion of people worldwide. Automated multi-disease detection models offer great potential to address this problem via clinical decision support in diagnosis. In this work,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-30 Dominik Müller , Iñaki Soto-Rey , Frank Kramer

Automated segmentation of individual leaves of a plant in an image is a prerequisite to measure more complex phenotypic traits in high-throughput phenotyping. Applying state-of-the-art machine learning approaches to tackle leaf instance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Daniel Ward , Peyman Moghadam , Nicolas Hudson

Object categories inherently form a hierarchy with different levels of concept abstraction, especially for fine-grained categories. For example, birds (Aves) can be categorized according to a four-level hierarchy of order, family, genus,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Tianshui Chen , Wenxi Wu , Yuefang Gao , Le Dong , Xiaonan Luo , Liang Lin

In this paper we determine how multi-layer ensembling improves performance on multilingual intent classification. We develop a novel multi-layer ensembling approach that ensembles both different model initializations and different model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Charles Costello , Ruixi Lin , Vishwas Mruthyunjaya , Bettina Bolla , Charles Jankowski

Multi-modal Large language models (MLLMs) show remarkable ability in video understanding. Nevertheless, understanding long videos remains challenging as the models can only process a finite number of frames in a single inference,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Yucheng Suo , Fan Ma , Linchao Zhu , Tianyi Wang , Fengyun Rao , Yi Yang