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AI agents are now running real transactions, workflows, and sub-agent chains across organizational boundaries without continuous human supervision. This creates a problem no current infrastructure is equipped to solve: how do you identify,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Takumi Otsuka , Kentaroh Toyoda , Alex Leung

Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into AI agents that interact with external tools and environments to perform complex tasks. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has become the de facto standard for connecting agents with such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Christoph Bühler , Matteo Biagiola , Luca Di Grazia , Guido Salvaneschi

AI agents have the potential to significantly alter the cybersecurity landscape. Here, we introduce the first framework to capture offensive and defensive cyber-capabilities in evolving real-world systems. Instantiating this framework with…

AI agents interact with external environments through tool calls, exposing them to attacks like indirect prompt injection that can trigger unauthorized actions. Securing these agents is challenging: they behave autonomously and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tianneng Shi , Jingxuan He , Zhun Wang , Hongwei Li , Linyu Wu , Wenbo Guo , Dawn Song

Systematic ablations are essential to attribute performance gains in AI Virtual Cells, yet they are rarely performed because biological repositories are under-standardized and tightly coupled to domain-specific data and formats. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Xue Xia , Chengkai Yao , Mingyu Tsoi , Xinjie Mao , Wenxuan Huang , Jiaqi Wei , Hao Wu , Cheng Tan , Lang Yu , Yuejin Yang , Mengdi Liu , Siqi Sun , Zhangyang Gao

AI agents are increasingly deployed to automate complex enterprise workflows, yet evidence of their effectiveness in identity governance is limited. We report results from the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating an AI agent…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-19 James Bono , Beibei Cheng , Joaquin Lozano

Recent advances in foundation models have transformed LLMs from passive conversational systems into autonomous agents capable of reasoning and tool execution. While these capabilities unlock substantial practical value, they also introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zhe Liu , Zonghao Ying , Wenxin Zhang , Quanchen Zou , Deyue Zhang , Dongdong Yang , Xiangzheng Zhang , Hao Peng

We prove that platform-deterministic inference is necessary and sufficient for trustworthy AI. We formalize this as the Determinism Thesis and introduce trust entropy to quantify the cost of non-determinism, proving that verification…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 TJ Dunham

Credible safety plans for advanced AI development require methods to verify agent behavior and detect potential control deficiencies early. A fundamental aspect is ensuring agents adhere to safety-critical principles, especially when these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ram Potham

Modern quantum devices require high-precision Hamiltonian dynamics, but environmental noise can cause calibrated Hamiltonian parameters to drift over time, necessitating expensive recalibration. Detecting when recalibration is needed is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Steven T. Flammia , Dmitrii Khitrin , Muzhou Ma , Jamie Sikora , Yu Tong , Alice Zheng

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) standardizes how AI agents discover and invoke external tools, with over 10,000 active servers and 97 million monthly SDK downloads as of early 2026. Yet MCP does not yet standardize how agents safely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Vasundra Srinivasan

The authentication field is evolving towards mechanisms able to keep users continuously authenticated without the necessity of remembering or possessing authentication credentials. While existing continuous authentication systems have…

Since the official release of ChatGPT in 2022, large language models (LLMs) have rapidly evolved from chatbot-style interfaces into agentic systems that can delegate work through tools and newly spawned subagents. While these capabilities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ziwen Cai , Yihe Zhang , Xiali Hei

Zero Trust Architectures (ZTA) fundamentally redefine network security by adopting a "trust nothing, verify everything" approach that requires identity verification for all access. Conventional discrete access control measures have proven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Sina Ahmadi

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning and tool use, yet they often suffer from rigid, reactive control flows that limit their adaptability and efficiency. Most existing frameworks rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Hong Su

We present swarm-attack, an open-source adversarial testing framework in which multiple lightweight LLM agents coordinate through shared memory, parallel exploration, and evolutionary optimization. Together, our results demonstrate that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Michael A. Riegler , Inga Strümke

Most user authentication methods and identity proving systems rely on a centralized database. Such information storage presents a single point of compromise from a security perspective. If this system is compromised it poses a direct threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Asem Othman , John Callahan

The current "notice and consent" paradigm is broken: consent dialogues are often manipulative, and users cannot realistically read or understand every privacy policy. While recent LLM-based tools empower users seeking active control, many…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Vincent Freiberger

As AI systems become more capable and widely deployed as agents, ensuring their safe operation becomes critical. AI control offers one approach to mitigating the risk from untrusted AI agents by monitoring their actions and intervening or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Jon Kutasov , Chloe Loughridge , Yuqi Sun , Henry Sleight , Buck Shlegeris , Tyler Tracy , Joe Benton

Verifiable delegation in digital identity systems remains unresolved across centralized, federated, and self-sovereign identity (SSI) environments, particularly where both human users and autonomous AI agents must exercise and transfer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 David Ricardo Saavedra
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