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The Key-Value (KV) cache is a crucial component in serving transformer-based autoregressive large language models (LLMs), enabling faster inference by storing previously computed KV vectors. However, its memory consumption scales linearly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Rongzhi Zhang , Kuang Wang , Liyuan Liu , Shuohang Wang , Hao Cheng , Chao Zhang , Yelong Shen

We investigate the exploitation of both lexical and neural relevance signals for ad-hoc passage retrieval. Our exploration involves a large-scale training dataset in which dense neural representations of MS-MARCO queries and passages are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Franco Maria Nardini , Raffaele Perego , Nicola Tonellotto , Salvatore Trani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance in listwise passage reranking task. However, directly applying them to rank long-form documents introduces both effectiveness and efficiency issues due to the substantially…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jincheng Feng , Wenhan Liu , Zhicheng Dou

In this study, we address the challenge of low-rank model compression in the context of in-memory computing (IMC) architectures. Traditional pruning approaches, while effective in model size reduction, necessitate additional peripheral…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Kang Eun Jeon , Johnny Rhe , Jong Hwan Ko

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex reasoning, yet their efficiency is limited by the surging cognitive overhead of long thought traces. In this paper, we propose LightThinker, a method that enables LLMs to dynamically compress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuqi Zhu , Jintian Zhang , Zhenjie Wan , Yujie Luo , Shuofei Qiao , Zhengke Gui , Da Zheng , Lei Liang , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Learned multivector representations power modern search systems with strong retrieval effectiveness, but their real-world use is limited by the high cost of exhaustive token-level retrieval. Therefore, most systems adopt a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Silvio Martinico , Franco Maria Nardini , Cosimo Rulli , Rossano Venturini

Deep learning models have become state of the art for natural language processing (NLP) tasks, however deploying these models in production system poses significant memory constraints. Existing compression methods are either lossy or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Anish Acharya , Rahul Goel , Angeliki Metallinou , Inderjit Dhillon

Vision Transformers have demonstrated exceptional performance across various computer vision tasks, yet their quadratic computational complexity concerning token length remains a significant challenge. To address this, token reduction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Dong-Jae Lee , Jiwan Hur , Jaehyun Choi , Jaemyung Yu , Junmo Kim

We present a comparative study between cross-encoder and LLMs rerankers in the context of re-ranking effective SPLADE retrievers. We conduct a large evaluation on TREC Deep Learning datasets and out-of-domain datasets such as BEIR and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Hervé Déjean , Stéphane Clinchant , Thibault Formal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly impacted many facets of natural language processing and information retrieval. Unlike previous encoder-based approaches, the enlarged context window of these generative models allows for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Andrew Parry , Sean MacAvaney , Debasis Ganguly

Recent reasoning-focused language models achieve high accuracy by generating lengthy intermediate reasoning paths before producing final answers. While this approach is effective in solving problems that require logical thinking, long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiwon Song , Dongwon Jo , Yulhwa Kim , Jae-Joon Kim

Deep Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction models play an important role in modern industrial recommendation scenarios. However, high memory overhead and computational costs limit their deployment in resource-constrained environments.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Hao Yu , Minghao Fu , Jiandong Ding , Yusheng Zhou , Jianxin Wu

Deep convolutional neural networks contain tens of millions of parameters, making them impossible to work efficiently on embedded devices. We propose iterative approach of applying low-rank approximation to compress deep convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Maksym Kholiavchenko

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) demonstrate impressive performance across diverse tasks, ranging from speech recognition to general audio understanding. However, their scalability is limited by the quadratic complexity of attention and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Saurabhchand Bhati , Samuel Thomas , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James Glass

Text representation plays a critical role in tasks like clustering, retrieval, and other downstream applications. With the emergence of large language models (LLMs), there is increasing interest in harnessing their capabilities for this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yeqin Zhang , Yizheng Zhao , Chen Hu , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Ruihang Miao , Cam-Tu Nguyen

The exponential growth of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has driven advancements in cross-modal reasoning but at significant computational costs. In this work, we focus on visual language models. We highlight the redundancy and inefficiency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yasmine Omri , Parth Shroff , Thierry Tambe

Language Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance by scaling test-time computation but often suffer from ``overthinking'', producing excessively long reasoning traces that increase latency and memory usage. Existing LRMs typically…

Talent recruitment is a critical, yet costly process for many industries, with high recruitment costs and long hiring cycles. Existing talent recommendation systems increasingly adopt large language models (LLMs) due to their remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Silin Du , Hongyan Liu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning improves performance on complex tasks but introduces significant inference latency due to verbosity. We propose Multiround Adaptive Chain-of-Thought Compression (MACC), a framework that leverages the token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jianzhi Yan , Le Liu , Youcheng Pan , Shiwei Chen , Zike Yuan , Yang Xiang , Buzhou Tang

Sub-token routing provides a finer compression axis for transformer efficiency than the coarse units used in most prior work, such as tokens, pages, heads, or layers. In this paper, we study routing within a token representation itself in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Wei Jiang , Wei Wang