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Multiple pedestrian tracking is crucial for enhancing safety and efficiency in intelligent transport and autonomous driving systems by predicting movements and enabling adaptive decision-making in dynamic environments. It optimizes traffic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jianjun Gao , Yi Wang , Kim-Hui Yap , Kratika Garg , Boon Siew Han

Semantics are one of the primary sources of top-down preattentive information. Modern deep object detectors excel at extracting such valuable semantic cues from complex visual scenes. However, the size of the visual input to be processed by…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 João Luzio , Alexandre Bernardino , Plinio Moreno

The seminal paper by Mazumdar and Saha \cite{MS17a} introduced an extensive line of work on clustering with noisy queries. Yet, despite significant progress on the problem, the proposed methods depend crucially on knowing the exact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Alberto Del Pia , Mingchen Ma , Christos Tzamos

Loss-gradients are used to interpret the decision making process of deep learning models. In this work, we evaluate loss-gradient based attribution methods by occluding parts of the input and comparing the performance of the occluded input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Vinod Subramanian , Siddharth Gururani , Emmanouil Benetos , Mark Sandler

This paper addresses multi-object systems, where objects may occlude one another relative to the sensor. The standard point-object model for detection-based sensors is enhanced so that the probability of detection considers the presence of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Jan Krejčí , Oliver Kost , Yuxuan Xia , Lennart Svensson , Ondřej Straka

Future 3D semantic occupancy forecasting and motion planning are central to autonomous driving, as they require models to reason about how surrounding scenes evolve and how the ego vehicle should act. Existing occupancy world models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Cheng Chen , Hao Huang , Saurabh Bagchi

Vision-based 3D Semantic Scene Completion (SSC) has received growing attention due to its potential in autonomous driving. While most existing approaches follow an ego-centric paradigm by aggregating and diffusing features over the entire…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Weihua Wang , Yubo Cui , Xiangru Lin , Zhiheng Li , Zheng Fang

Accurate prediction of driving scenes is essential for road safety and autonomous driving. Occupancy Grid Maps (OGMs) are commonly employed for scene prediction due to their structured spatial representation, flexibility across sensor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Rabbia Asghar , Wenqian Liu , Lukas Rummelhard , Anne Spalanzani , Christian Laugier

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a cornerstone for the safe deployment of AI systems in the open world. However, existing methods treat OOD detection as a binary classification problem, a cognitive flattening that fails to distinguish…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-16 Ningkang Peng , Yuzhe Mao , Yuhao Zhang , Linjin Qian , Qianfeng Yu , Yanhui Gu , Yi Chen , Li Kong

3D semantic occupancy prediction is central to autonomous driving, yet current methods are vulnerable to long-tailed class bias and out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, often overconfidently assigning anomalies to rare classes. We present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yuheng Zhang , Mengfei Duan , Kunyu Peng , Yuhang Wang , Di Wen , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool , Kailun Yang

Classifying sequential data as early and as accurately as possible is a challenging yet critical problem, especially when a sampling cost is high. One algorithm that achieves this goal is the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Akinori F. Ebihara , Taiki Miyagawa , Kazuyuki Sakurai , Hitoshi Imaoka

Cephalometric landmark detection is essential for orthodontic diagnostics and treatment planning. Nevertheless, the scarcity of samples in data collection and the extensive effort required for manual annotation have significantly impeded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Dongqian Guo , Wencheng Han , Pang Lyu , Yuxi Zhou , Jianbing Shen

This article proposes a novel density estimation based algorithm for carrying out supervised machine learning. The proposed algorithm features O(n) time complexity for generating a classifier, where n is the number of sampling instances in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2007-11-06 Yen-Jen Oyang , Chien-Yu Chen , Darby Tien-Hao Chang , Chih-Peng Wu

Short-term OD flow (i.e. the number of passenger traveling between stations) prediction is crucial to traffic management in metro systems. Due to the delayed effect in latest complete OD flow collection, complex spatiotemporal correlations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Jiexia Ye , Juanjuan Zhao , Furong Zheng , Chengzhong Xu

Occlusions pose a significant challenge to optical flow algorithms that rely on local evidences. We consider an occluded point to be one that is imaged in the first frame but not in the next, a slight overloading of the standard definition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Shihao Jiang , Dylan Campbell , Yao Lu , Hongdong Li , Richard Hartley

We propose a one-class neural network (OC-NN) model to detect anomalies in complex data sets. OC-NN combines the ability of deep networks to extract a progressively rich representation of data with the one-class objective of creating a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-14 Raghavendra Chalapathy , Aditya Krishna Menon , Sanjay Chawla

We present a generative model of images based on layering, in which image layers are individually generated, then composited from front to back. We are thus able to factor the appearance of an image into the appearance of individual objects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Jonathan Huang , Kevin Murphy

In autonomous driving, addressing occlusion scenarios is crucial yet challenging. Robust surrounding perception is essential for handling occlusions and aiding motion planning. State-of-the-art models fuse Lidar and Camera data to produce…

Generative modelling has seen significant advances through simulation-free paradigms such as Flow Matching, and in particular, the MeanFlow framework, which replaces instantaneous velocity fields with average velocities to enable efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yang Cao , Yubin Chen , Zhao Song , Jiahao Zhang

While likelihood is attractive in theory, its estimates by deep generative models (DGMs) are often broken in practice, and perform poorly for out of distribution (OOD) Detection. Various recent works started to consider alternative scores…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Sicong Huang , Jiawei He , Kry Yik Chau Lui