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Related papers: Same Target, Different Basins: Hard vs. Soft Label…

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There is growing evidence that converting targets to soft targets in supervised learning can provide considerable gains in performance. Much of this work has considered classification, converting hard zero-one values to soft labels---such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-13 Ehsan Imani , Martha White

Labeling visual data is expensive and time-consuming. Crowdsourcing systems promise to enable highly parallelizable annotations through the participation of monetarily or otherwise motivated workers, but even this approach has its limits.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Christopher Klugmann , Rafid Mahmood , Guruprasad Hegde , Amit Kale , Daniel Kondermann

Annotator disagreement in emotion classification reflects ambiguity intrinsic to emotion concepts and is essential for predictor-quality assessment in subjective NLP. Yet no prior work integrates soft-label learning with Bayesian deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Keito Inoshita , Takato Ueno

Adversarial learning has demonstrated good performance in the unsupervised domain adaptation setting, by learning domain-invariant representations. However, recent work has shown limitations of this approach when label distributions differ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Remi Tachet , Han Zhao , Yu-Xiang Wang , Geoff Gordon

In real-world scenarios, collected and annotated data often exhibit the characteristics of multiple classes and long-tailed distribution. Additionally, label noise is inevitable in large-scale annotations and hinders the applications of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Chao Liang , Zongxin Yang , Linchao Zhu , Yi Yang

Given an unlabeled dataset and an annotation budget, we study how to selectively label a fixed number of instances so that semi-supervised learning (SSL) on such a partially labeled dataset is most effective. We focus on selecting the right…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Xudong Wang , Long Lian , Stella X. Yu

Noisy labels are ubiquitous in real-world datasets, especially in the large-scale ones derived from crowdsourcing and web searching. It is challenging to train deep neural networks with noisy datasets since the networks are prone to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Yangdi Lu , Wenbo He

Confidence calibration assumes a unique ground-truth label per input, yet this assumption fails wherever annotators genuinely disagree. Post-hoc calibrators fitted on majority-voted labels, the standard single-label targets used in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Linwei Tao , Haoyang Luo , Minjing Dong , Chang Xu

Label aggregation such as majority voting is commonly used to resolve annotator disagreement in dataset creation. However, this may disregard minority values and opinions. Recent studies indicate that learning from individual annotations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Xinpeng Wang , Barbara Plank

Learning algorithms normally assume that there is at most one annotation or label per data point. However, in some scenarios, such as medical diagnosis and on-line collaboration,multiple annotations may be available. In either case,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Yan Yan , Romer Rosales , Glenn Fung , Jennifer Dy

Multi-label classification is a widely encountered problem in daily life, where an instance can be associated with multiple classes. In theory, this is a supervised learning method that requires a large amount of labeling. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 XIn Zhang , Yuqi Song , Fei Zuo , Xiaofeng Wang

While unlabeled image data is often plentiful, the costs of high-quality labels pose an important practical challenge: Which images should one select for labeling to use the annotation budget for a particular target task most effectively?…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Niclas Popp , Dan Zhang , Jan Hendrik Metzen , Matthias Hein , Lukas Schott

Predicting all applicable labels for a given image is known as multi-label classification. Compared to the standard multi-class case (where each image has only one label), it is considerably more challenging to annotate training data for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Elijah Cole , Oisin Mac Aodha , Titouan Lorieul , Pietro Perona , Dan Morris , Nebojsa Jojic

Deep neural network models have demonstrated their effectiveness in classifying multi-label data from various domains. Typically, they employ a training mode that combines mini-batches with optimizers, where each sample is randomly selected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Ao Zhou , Bin Liu , Jin Wang , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Free-text explanations extend human label variation (HLV) beyond label disagreement by revealing the reasoning and preferences behind annotators' decisions. We study whether large language models (LLMs) can learn and reproduce such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Beiduo Chen , Pingjun Hong , Ziyun Zhang , Benjamin Roth , Anna Korhonen , Barbara Plank

We propose a novel sample selection method for image classification in the presence of noisy labels. Existing methods typically consider small-loss samples as correctly labeled. However, some correctly labeled samples are inherently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Weiran Pan , Wei Wei , Feida Zhu , Yong Deng

We propose a fully Bayesian framework for learning ground truth labels from noisy annotators. Our framework ensures scalability by factoring a generative, Bayesian soft clustering model over label distributions into the classic David and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Alexander G. Ororbia , Christopher M. Homan

Supervised machine learning often requires human-annotated data. While annotator disagreement is typically interpreted as evidence of noise, population-level label distribution learning (PLDL) treats the collection of annotations for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Tong Liu , Christopher M. Homan

Meta-learning models transfer the knowledge acquired from previous tasks to quickly learn new ones. They are trained on benchmarks with a fixed number of data points per task. This number is usually arbitrary and it is unknown how it…

Multi-label image classification allows predicting a set of labels from a given image. Unlike multiclass classification, where only one label per image is assigned, such a setup is applicable for a broader range of applications. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Kirill Prokofiev , Vladislav Sovrasov