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This research paper focuses on the challenges posed by hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), particularly in the context of the medical domain. Hallucination, wherein these models generate plausible yet unverified or incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Ankit Pal , Logesh Kumar Umapathi , Malaikannan Sankarasubbu

Large language models (LLMs) are starting to complement traditional information seeking mechanisms such as web search. LLM-powered chatbots like ChatGPT are gaining prominence among the general public. AI chatbots are also increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Vibhor Agarwal , Yiqiao Jin , Mohit Chandra , Munmun De Choudhury , Srijan Kumar , Nishanth Sastry

Do large language models (LLMs) know the law? These models are increasingly being used to augment legal practice, education, and research, yet their revolutionary potential is threatened by the presence of hallucinations -- textual output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Matthew Dahl , Varun Magesh , Mirac Suzgun , Daniel E. Ho

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved a degree of success in generating coherent and contextually relevant text, yet they remain prone to a significant challenge known as hallucination: producing information that is not substantiated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ray Li , Tanishka Bagade , Kevin Martinez , Flora Yasmin , Grant Ayala , Michael Lam , Kevin Zhu

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are prone to generate hallucinations, i.e., content that conflicts with the source or cannot be verified by the factual knowledge. To understand what types of content and to which extent LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Junyi Li , Xiaoxue Cheng , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently achieved remarkable success. However, LVLMs are still plagued by the hallucination problem, which limits the practicality in many scenarios. Hallucination refers to the information of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Junyang Wang , Yiyang Zhou , Guohai Xu , Pengcheng Shi , Chenlin Zhao , Haiyang Xu , Qinghao Ye , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Jihua Zhu , Jitao Sang , Haoyu Tang

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their increasing use in medical question-answering necessitate rigorous evaluation of their reliability. A critical challenge lies in hallucination, where models generate plausible yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Shrey Pandit , Jiawei Xu , Junyuan Hong , Zhangyang Wang , Tianlong Chen , Kaidi Xu , Ying Ding

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing tasks, yet they are susceptible to generating inaccurate or unreliable responses, a phenomenon known as hallucination. In critical domains such as health…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Sumera Anjum , Hanzhi Zhang , Wenjun Zhou , Eun Jin Paek , Xiaopeng Zhao , Yunhe Feng

Large language models have the potential to be valuable in the healthcare industry, but it's crucial to verify their safety and effectiveness through rigorous evaluation. For this purpose, we comprehensively evaluated both open-source LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ankit Pal , Malaikannan Sankarasubbu

Large-scale multilingual machine translation systems have demonstrated remarkable ability to translate directly between numerous languages, making them increasingly appealing for real-world applications. However, when deployed in the wild,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Nuno M. Guerreiro , Duarte Alves , Jonas Waldendorf , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch , Pierre Colombo , André F. T. Martins

Large language models (LLMs), including ChatGPT, Bard, and Llama, have achieved remarkable successes over the last two years in a range of different applications. In spite of these successes, there exist concerns that limit the wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Junliang Luo , Tianyu Li , Di Wu , Michael Jenkin , Steve Liu , Gregory Dudek

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) have recently become a significant problem. A recent effort in this direction is a shared task at Semeval 2024 Task 6, SHROOM, a Shared-task on Hallucinations and Related Observable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Rahul Mehta , Andrew Hoblitzell , Jack O'Keefe , Hyeju Jang , Vasudeva Varma

In the age of misinformation, hallucination - the tendency of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate non-factual or unfaithful responses - represents the main risk for their global utility. Despite LLMs becoming increasingly multilingual,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Saad Obaid ul Islam , Anne Lauscher , Goran Glavaš

This paper introduces fourteen novel datasets for the evaluation of Large Language Models' safety in the context of enterprise tasks. A method was devised to evaluate a model's safety, as determined by its ability to follow instructions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 David Nadeau , Mike Kroutikov , Karen McNeil , Simon Baribeau

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) make them increasingly compelling for adoption in real-world healthcare applications. However, the risks associated with using LLMs in medical applications have not been…

Since the introduction of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant utility in various tasks, such as answering questions through retrieval-augmented generation. Context can be retrieved using a vectorized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ming Cheung

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to medical imaging tasks, including image interpretation and synthetic image generation. However, these models often produce hallucinations, which are confident but incorrect outputs…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Anindya Bijoy Das , Shahnewaz Karim Sakib , Shibbir Ahmed

Large Language models (LLMs) show extraordinary abilities, but they are still prone to hallucinations, especially when we use them for generating Academic content. We have investigated four popular LLMs, ChatGPT, Grok, Gemini, and Copilot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Humam Khan , Md Tabrez Nafis , Shahab Saquib Sohail , Aqeel Khalique , Rehan Hasan Khan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, e.g., factually incorrect information, in their responses. These hallucinations present challenges for LLM-based applications that demand high factual accuracy. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Borui Yang , Md Afif Al Mamun , Jie M. Zhang , Gias Uddin

Hallucinations, the tendency for large language models to provide responses with factually incorrect and unsupported claims, is a serious problem within natural language processing for which we do not yet have an effective solution to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Brandon C. Colelough , Davis Bartels , Dina Demner-Fushman
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