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Related papers: Synchronization and Turn-Taking in Full-Duplex Spe…

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Turn-taking prediction is the task of anticipating when the speaker in a conversation will yield their turn to another speaker to begin speaking. This project expands on existing strategies for turn-taking prediction by employing a…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Hyunbae Jeon , Frederic Guintu , Rayvant Sahni

Speech-to-speech models handle turn-taking naturally but offer limited support for tool-calling or complex reasoning, while production ASR-LLM-TTS voice pipelines offer these capabilities but rely on silence timeouts, which lead to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Shangeth Rajaa

This paper presents a comparative study of context management strategies for end-to-end Spoken Dialog State Tracking using Speech-LLMs. We systematically evaluate traditional multimodal context (combining text history and spoken current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Nizar El Ghazal , Antoine Caubrière , Valentin Vielzeuf

Current large language models (LLMs) and spoken language models (SLMs) begin thinking and taking actions only after the user has finished their turn. This prevents the model from interacting during the user's turn and can lead to high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Cheng-Han Chiang , Xiaofei Wang , Linjie Li , Chung-Ching Lin , Kevin Lin , Shujie Liu , Zhendong Wang , Zhengyuan Yang , Hung-yi Lee , Lijuan Wang

Turn-taking prediction models are essential components in spoken dialogue systems and conversational robots. Recent approaches leverage transformer-based architectures to predict speech activity continuously and in real-time. In this study,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Koji Inoue , Mikey Elmers , Yahui Fu , Zi Haur Pang , Divesh Lala , Keiko Ochi , Tatsuya Kawahara

We propose an approach for continuous prediction of turn-taking and backchanneling locations in spoken dialogue by fusing a neural acoustic model with a large language model (LLM). Experiments on the Switchboard human-human conversation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Jinhan Wang , Long Chen , Aparna Khare , Anirudh Raju , Pranav Dheram , Di He , Minhua Wu , Andreas Stolcke , Venkatesh Ravichandran

Speech-language models (SLMs) offer a promising path toward unifying speech and text understanding and generation. However, challenges remain in achieving effective cross-modal alignment and high-quality speech generation. In this work, we…

Full-Duplex Speech-to-Speech Large Language Models (LLMs) are foundational to natural human-computer interaction, enabling real-time spoken dialogue systems. However, benchmarking and modeling these models remains a fundamental challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yuan Ge , Saihan Chen , Jingqi Xiao , Xiaoqian Liu , Tong Xiao , Yan Xiang , Zhengtao Yu , Jingbo Zhu

The recent wave of audio foundation models (FMs) could provide new capabilities for conversational modeling. However, there have been limited efforts to evaluate these audio FMs comprehensively on their ability to have natural and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Siddhant Arora , Zhiyun Lu , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Ruoming Pang , Shinji Watanabe

Despite recent advances, efficient and robust turn-taking detection remains a significant challenge in industrial-grade Voice AI agent deployments. Many existing systems rely solely on acoustic or semantic cues, leading to suboptimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Guangzhao Yang , Yu Pan , Shi Qiu , Ningjie Bai

Full-duplex spoken dialogue systems (FDSDS) enable more natural human-machine interactions by allowing real-time user interruptions and backchanneling, compared to traditional SDS that rely on turn-taking. However, existing benchmarks lack…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-28 Yizhou Peng , Yi-Wen Chao , Dianwen Ng , Yukun Ma , Chongjia Ni , Bin Ma , Eng Siong Chng

Most human interactions occur in the form of spoken conversations where the semantic meaning of a given utterance depends on the context. Each utterance in spoken conversation can be represented by many semantic and speaker attributes, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Siddhant Arora , Hayato Futami , Emiru Tsunoo , Brian Yan , Shinji Watanabe

Full-duplex dialog models aim to listen and speak simultaneously, delivering rapid responses to dynamic user input. Among different solutions to full-duplexity, a native solution merges multiple channels in each time step, achieving the…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yiqun Yao , Xiang Li , Xin Jiang , Xuezhi Fang , Naitong Yu , Wenjia Ma , Aixin Sun , Yequan Wang

In this work, we approach spoken Dialogue State Tracking (DST) by bridging the representation spaces of speech encoders and LLMs via a small connector module, with a focus on fully open-sourced and open-data components (WavLM-large, OLMo).…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-11 Šimon Sedláček , Bolaji Yusuf , Ján Švec , Pradyoth Hegde , Santosh Kesiraju , Oldřich Plchot , Jan Černocký

We introduce Moshi, a speech-text foundation model and full-duplex spoken dialogue framework. Current systems for spoken dialogue rely on pipelines of independent components, namely voice activity detection, speech recognition, textual…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-03 Alexandre Défossez , Laurent Mazaré , Manu Orsini , Amélie Royer , Patrick Pérez , Hervé Jégou , Edouard Grave , Neil Zeghidour

Turn-taking, aiming to decide when the next speaker can start talking, is an essential component in building human-robot spoken dialogue systems. Previous studies indicate that multimodal cues can facilitate this challenging task. However,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-22 Jiudong Yang , Peiying Wang , Yi Zhu , Mingchao Feng , Meng Chen , Xiaodong He

Dialogue state tracking is an important component in task-oriented dialogue systems to identify users' goals and requests as a dialogue proceeds. However, as most previous models are dependent on dialogue slots, the model complexity soars…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Chenguang Zhu , Michael Zeng , Xuedong Huang

This paper introduces a novel approach to Dialogue State Tracking (DST) that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate natural language descriptions of dialogue states, moving beyond traditional slot-value representations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Rafael Carranza , Mateo Alejandro Rojas

The timings of spoken response offsets in human dialogue have been shown to vary based on contextual elements of the dialogue. We propose neural models that simulate the distributions of these response offsets, taking into account the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Matthew Roddy , Naomi Harte

Full-duplex spoken dialogue systems can model natural conversational behaviours such as interruptions, overlaps, and backchannels, yet such systems remain largely unexplored for Indian languages. We present the first open, reproducible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bhaskar Singh , Shobhit Banga , Mahima Manik , Pranav Sharma