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The longstanding goals of federated learning (FL) require rigorous privacy guarantees and low communication overhead while holding a relatively high model accuracy. However, simultaneously achieving all the goals is extremely challenging.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 He Yang

Federated Unlearning (FU) is an emerging paradigm in Federated Learning (FL) that enables participating clients to fully remove their contributions from a trained global model, driven by data protection regulations that mandate the right to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhaoyuan Cai , Xinglin Zhang

Privacy concerns associated with machine learning models have driven research into machine unlearning, which aims to erase the memory of specific target training data from already trained models. This issue also arises in federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yuyuan Li , Jiaming Zhang , Yixiu Liu , Chaochao Chen

Federated Unlearning (FU) enables the removal of specific clients' data influence from trained models. However, in non-IID settings, removing clients creates critical side effects: remaining clients with similar data distributions suffer…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Jiaqi Shao , Tao Lin , Xiaojin Zhang , Qiang Yang , Bing Luo

Federated learning has emerged in the last decade as a distributed optimization paradigm due to the rapidly increasing number of portable devices able to support the heavy computational needs related to the training of machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Emanuel Buttaci , Giuseppe Carlo Calafiore

Federated Unlearning (FUL) focuses on client data and computing power to offer a privacy-preserving solution. However, high computational demands, complex incentive mechanisms, and disparities in client-side computing power often lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Changjun Zhou , Jintao Zheng , Leyou Yang , Pengfei Wang

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm to train a global model across multiple devices without collecting local data. In FL, a server typically selects a subset of clients for each training round to optimize resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Dun Zeng , Zenglin Xu , Yu Pan , Xu Luo , Qifan Wang , Xiaoying Tang

We study federated unlearning, a novel problem to eliminate the impact of specific clients or data points on the global model learned via federated learning (FL). This problem is driven by the right to be forgotten and the privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Youming Tao , Cheng-Long Wang , Miao Pan , Dongxiao Yu , Xiuzhen Cheng , Di Wang

Federated Learning is a machine learning setting that reduces direct data exposure, improving the privacy guarantees of machine learning models. Yet, the exchange of model updates between the participants and the aggregator can still leak…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Pablo Montaña-Fernández , Ines Ortega-Fernandez

As privacy and security take center stage in AI, machine unlearning, the ability to erase specific knowledge from models, has garnered increasing attention. However, existing methods overly prioritize efficiency and aggressive forgetting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Jiaxing Miao , Liang Hu , Qi Zhang , Lai Zhong Yuan , Usman Naseem

Owing to the low communication costs and privacy-promoting capabilities, Federated Learning (FL) has become a promising tool for training effective machine learning models among distributed clients. However, with the distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Chuan Ma , Jun Li , Ming Ding , Kang Wei , Wen Chen , H. Vincent Poor

Machine unlearning strives to uphold the data owners' right to be forgotten by enabling models to selectively forget specific data. Recent advances suggest pre-computing and storing statistics extracted from second-order information and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Xinbao Qiao , Meng Zhang , Ming Tang , Ermin Wei

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed clients to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing raw data with each other. However, it suffers the leakage of private information from uploading models. In addition, as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Kang Wei , Jun Li , Chuan Ma , Ming Ding , Feng Shu , Haitao Zhao , Wen Chen , Hongbo Zhu

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific data from trained models while preserving general utility. Existing approximate unlearning methods often rely on performance-degradation heuristics, such as loss maximization or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jonas Mirlach , Sonia Laguna , Julia E. Vogt

Federated Learning is a promising paradigm for privacy-preserving collaborative model training. In practice, it is essential not only to continuously train the model to acquire new knowledge but also to guarantee old knowledge the right to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Zhengyi Zhong , Weidong Bao , Ji Wang , Shuai Zhang , Jingxuan Zhou , Lingjuan Lyu , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Foundation models are commonly deployed as frozen feature extractors with a small trainable head to adapt to private, user-generated data in federated settings. The ``right to be forgotten'' requires removing the influence of specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yijun Quan , Wentai Wu , Giovanni Montana

In recent years, Federated Unlearning (FU) has gained attention for addressing the removal of a client's influence from the global model in Federated Learning (FL) systems, thereby ensuring the ``right to be forgotten" (RTBF).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Ziyao Liu , Huanyi Ye , Yu Jiang , Jiyuan Shen , Jiale Guo , Ivan Tjuawinata , Kwok-Yan Lam

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning framework that enables multiple nodes to train models on their local data and periodically average weight updates to benefit from other nodes' training. Each node's goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Ethan Wilson , Kai Yue , Chau-Wai Wong , Huaiyu Dai

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that enhances users privacy by eliminating the need for clients to share raw, private data with the server. Despite the success, recent studies expose the vulnerability of FL to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jing Wu , Munawar Hayat , Mingyi Zhou , Mehrtash Harandi

While numerous machine unlearning (MU) methods have recently been developed with promising results in erasing the influence of forgotten data, classes, or concepts, they are also highly vulnerable-for example, simple fine-tuning can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yichen Gao , Altay Unal , Akshay Rangamani , Zhihui Zhu
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