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Contrastive representation learning has proven to be an effective self-supervised learning method for images and videos. Most successful approaches are based on Noise Contrastive Estimation (NCE) and use different views of an instance as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Julien Denize , Jaonary Rabarisoa , Astrid Orcesi , Romain Hérault

Training accurate deep neural networks (DNNs) in the presence of noisy labels is an important and challenging task. Though a number of approaches have been proposed for learning with noisy labels, many open issues remain. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Yisen Wang , Xingjun Ma , Zaiyi Chen , Yuan Luo , Jinfeng Yi , James Bailey

Contrastive representation learning has been outstandingly successful in practice. In this work, we identify two key properties related to the contrastive loss: (1) alignment (closeness) of features from positive pairs, and (2) uniformity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Tongzhou Wang , Phillip Isola

Neural Collapse (NC) gives a precise description of the representations of classes in the final hidden layer of classification neural networks. This description provides insights into how these networks learn features and generalize well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Liam Parker , Emre Onal , Anton Stengel , Jake Intrater

Deep neural network-based classifiers trained with the categorical cross-entropy (CCE) loss are sensitive to label noise in the training data. One common type of method that can mitigate the impact of label noise can be viewed as supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Aritra Ghosh , Andrew Lan

Contrastive learning, especially self-supervised contrastive learning (SSCL), has achieved great success in extracting powerful features from unlabeled data. In this work, we contribute to the theoretical understanding of SSCL and uncover…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Tianyang Hu , Zhili Liu , Fengwei Zhou , Wenjia Wang , Weiran Huang

Whilst contrastive learning has recently brought notable benefits to deep clustering of unlabelled images by learning sample-specific discriminative visual features, its potential for explicitly inferring class decision boundaries is less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Jiabo Huang , Shaogang Gong

Biologically inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) have garnered considerable attention due to their low-energy consumption and spatio-temporal information processing capabilities. Most existing SNNs training methods first integrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Haonan Qiu , Zeyin Song , Yanqi Chen , Munan Ning , Wei Fang , Tao Sun , Zhengyu Ma , Li Yuan , Yonghong Tian

Neural Collapse is a phenomenon where the last-layer representations of a well-trained neural network converge to a highly structured geometry. In this paper, we focus on its first (and most basic) property, known as NC1: the within-class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Diyuan Wu , Marco Mondelli

Deterministic embeddings learned by contrastive learning (CL) methods such as SimCLR and SupCon achieve state-of-the-art performance but lack a principled mechanism for uncertainty quantification. We propose Variational Contrastive Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Minoh Jeong , Seonho Kim , Alfred Hero

The Nearest Class Mean (NCM) classifier is widely favored in Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) for its superior resistance to catastrophic forgetting compared to Fully Connected layers. While Neural Collapse (NC) theory supports NCM's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Huiyu Yi , Zhiming Xu , Dunwei Tu , Zhicheng Wang , Baile Xu , Furao Shen

Contrastive self-supervised learning based on point-wise comparisons has been widely studied for vision tasks. In the visual cortex of the brain, neuronal responses to distinct stimulus classes are organized into geometric structures known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Guanming Zhang , David J. Heeger , Stefano Martiniani

Contrastive Learning (CL), a leading paradigm in Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), typically relies on pairs of data views generated through augmentation. While multiple augmentations per instance (more than two) improve generalization in…

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification techniques have been intensively studied and a variety of models have been developed. However, these HSI classification models are confined to pocket models and unrealistic ways of dataset…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Quanwei Liu , Yanni Dong , Tao Huang , Lefei Zhang , Bo Du

Learning discriminative representations is a central goal of supervised deep learning. While cross-entropy (CE) remains the dominant objective for classification, it does not explicitly enforce desirable geometric properties in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Matheus Vinícius Todescato , Joel Luís Carbonera

Contrastive learning is an efficient approach to self-supervised representation learning. Although recent studies have made progress in the theoretical understanding of contrastive learning, the investigation of how to characterize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Hiroki Waida , Yuichiro Wada , Léo Andéol , Takumi Nakagawa , Yuhui Zhang , Takafumi Kanamori

Continual Learning (CL) seeks to build an agent that can continuously learn a sequence of tasks, where a key challenge, namely Catastrophic Forgetting, persists due to the potential knowledge interference among different tasks. On the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zheng Wang , Wanhao Yu , Li Yang , Sen Lin

The empirical emergence of neural collapse -- a surprising symmetry in the feature representations of the training data in the penultimate layer of deep neural networks -- has spurred a line of theoretical research aimed at its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Peter Súkeník , Christoph H. Lampert , Marco Mondelli

Despite its success in self-supervised learning, contrastive learning is less studied in the supervised setting. In this work, we first use a set of pilot experiments to show that in the supervised setting, the cross-entropy loss objective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Liz Li , Wei Zhu

With the recent promising results of contrastive learning in the self-supervised learning paradigm, supervised contrastive learning has successfully extended these contrastive approaches to supervised contexts, outperforming cross-entropy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Jaewon Kim , Hyukjong Lee , Jooyoung Chang , Sang Min Park