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As the era of autonomous agents making decisions on behalf of users unfolds, ensuring contextual integrity (CI) -- what is the appropriate information to share while carrying out a certain task -- becomes a central question to the field. We…

Advanced AI assistants combine frontier LLMs and tool access to autonomously perform complex tasks on behalf of users. While the helpfulness of such assistants can increase dramatically with access to user information including emails and…

In this work, we propose the first framework for integrating Differential Privacy (DP) and Contextual Integrity (CI). DP is a property of an algorithm that injects statistical noise to obscure information about individuals represented…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Sebastian Benthall , Rachel Cummings

Machine learning community is discovering Contextual Integrity (CI) as a useful framework to assess the privacy implications of large language models (LLMs). This is an encouraging development. The CI theory emphasizes sharing information…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yan Shvartzshnaider , Vasisht Duddu

Information handling practices of LLM agents are broadly misaligned with the contextual privacy expectations of their users. Contextual Integrity (CI) provides a principled framework, defining privacy as the appropriate flow of information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Matt Franchi , Madiha Zahrah Choksi , Harold Triedman , Helen Nissenbaum

Recent advancements in generative large language models (LLMs) have enabled wider applicability, accessibility, and flexibility. However, their reliability and trustworthiness are still in doubt, especially for concerns regarding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Haoran Li , Wenbin Hu , Huihao Jing , Yulin Chen , Qi Hu , Sirui Han , Tianshu Chu , Peizhao Hu , Yangqiu Song

Enterprise LLM agents can dramatically improve workplace productivity, but their core capability, retrieving and using internal context to act on a user's behalf, also creates new risks for sensitive information leakage. We introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Wenjie Fu , Xiaoting Qin , Jue Zhang , Qingwei Lin , Lukas Wutschitz , Robert Sim , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

LLM agents increasingly draft messages on behalf of users, yet users routinely overshare sensitive information and disagree on what counts as private. Existing systems support only suppression (omitting sensitive information) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yunze Xiao , Wenkai Li , Xiaoyuan Wu , Ningshan Ma , Yueqi Song , Weihao Xuan

LLM agents increasingly act on users' personal information, yet existing privacy defenses remain limited in both design and adaptability. Most prior approaches rely on static or passive defenses, such as prompting and guarding. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yule Wen , Yanzhe Zhang , Jianxun Lian , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Diyi Yang

In-context learning (ICL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks with only a small set of examples at inference time, thereby avoiding task-specific fine-tuning. However, in-context examples may contain privacy-sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Rob Romijnders , Mohammad Mahdi Derakhshani , Jonathan Petit , Max Welling , Christos Louizos , Yuki M. Asano

The Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) paradigm is instrumental for decentralised identity management, allowing an entity to create, manage, and present their digital credentials without relying on centralised authorities. Credential selective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Elia Onofri , Andrea De Salve , Paolo Mori , Laura Emilia Maria Ricci , Roberto Di Pietro

In-context learning (ICL) is an important capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling these models to dynamically adapt based on specific, in-context exemplars, thereby improving accuracy and relevance. However, LLM's responses may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Tong Wu , Ashwinee Panda , Jiachen T. Wang , Prateek Mittal

As large language models increasingly mediate firm - customer interactions, firms face a tradeoff: the most capable models perform well but are costly and difficult to control at scale. Existing knowledge distillation methods address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Tong Wang , K. Sudhir

When users submit queries to Large Language Models (LLMs), their prompts can often contain sensitive data, forcing a difficult choice: Send the query to a powerful proprietary LLM providers to achieving state-of-the-art performance and risk…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zheng Hui , Yijiang River Dong , Sanhanat Sivapiromrat , Ehsan Shareghi , Nigel Collier

Many real incidents demonstrate that users of Online Social Networks need mechanisms that help them manage their interactions by increasing the awareness of the different contexts that coexist in Online Social Networks and preventing them…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-06-14 Natalia Criado , Jose M. Such

In-context learning (ICL) in Large Language Models (LLMs) has shown remarkable performance across various tasks without requiring fine-tuning. However, recent studies have highlighted the risk of private data leakage through the prompt in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Seongho Joo , Hyukhun Koh , Kyomin Jung

Proprietary large language models (LLMs) embody substantial economic value and are generally exposed only as black-box APIs, yet adversaries can still exploit their outputs to extract knowledge via distillation. Existing defenses focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Hao Fang , Tianyi Zhang , Tianqu Zhuang , Jiawei Kong , Kuofeng Gao , Bin Chen , Leqi Zheng , Shu-Tao Xia , Ke Xu

The rise of reinforcement learning (RL) in critical real-world applications demands a fundamental rethinking of privacy in AI systems. Traditional privacy frameworks, designed to protect isolated data points, fall short for sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Flint Xiaofeng Fan , Cheston Tan , Roger Wattenhofer , Yew-Soon Ong

Addressing contextual privacy concerns remains challenging in interactive settings where large language models (LLMs) process information from multiple sources (e.g., summarizing meetings with private and public information). We introduce a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Wenkai Li , Liwen Sun , Zhenxiang Guan , Xuhui Zhou , Maarten Sap

Differential privacy is a leading protection setting, focused by design on individual privacy. Many applications, in medical / pharmaceutical domains or social networks, rather posit privacy at a group level, a setting we call integral…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-04 Hisham Husain , Zac Cranko , Richard Nock
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