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Context. Code refactoring improves software quality without changing external behavior. Despite its advantages, its benefits are hindered by the considerable cost of time, resources, and continuous effort it demands. Aim. Understanding why…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Mikel Robredo , Matteo Esposito , Fabio Palomba , Rafael Peñaloza , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Code generation models based on large language models (LLMs) have gained wide adoption, but challenges remain in ensuring safety, accuracy, and controllability, especially for complex tasks. Existing methods often lack dynamic integration…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aofan Liu , Haoxuan Li , Bin Wang , Ao Yang , Hui Li

Maintainable and general software allows developers to build robust applications efficiently, yet achieving these qualities often requires refactoring specialized solutions into reusable components. This challenge becomes particularly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ziga Kovacic , Justin T. Chiu , Celine Lee , Wenting Zhao , Kevin Ellis

This Innovative Practice full paper explores how Large Language Models (LLMs) can enhance the teaching of code refactoring in software engineering courses through real-time, context-aware feedback. Refactoring improves code quality but is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Anshul Khairnar , Aarya Rajoju , Edward F. Gehringer

We present a large language models (LLMs) based multi-agent system to automate the refactoring of Haskell codebases. The multi-agent system consists of specialized agents performing tasks such as context analysis, refactoring, validation,…

In this paper, a new approach is proposed for automated software maintenance. The tool is able to perform 26 different refactorings. It also contains a large selection of metrics to measure the impact of the refactorings on the software and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Michael Mohan , Des Greer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently attracted wide interest for tackling software engineering tasks. In contrast to code generation, refactoring demands precise, semantics-preserving edits that improve program structure, which also…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yisen Xu , Jinqiu Yang , Tse-Hsun , Chen

General-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in intelligence, performing comparably to human experts on complex reasoning tasks such as coding and mathematical reasoning. However, generating formal proofs in…

Long methods that encapsulate multiple responsibilities within a single method are challenging to maintain. Choosing which statements to extract into new methods has been the target of many research tools. Despite steady improvements, these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Dorin Pomian , Abhiram Bellur , Malinda Dilhara , Zarina Kurbatova , Egor Bogomolov , Timofey Bryksin , Danny Dig

Proof engineering is notoriously labor-intensive: proofs that are straightforward on paper often require lengthy scripts in theorem provers. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) create new opportunities for proof automation:…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yichen Xu , Martin Odersky

Grounding the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) for embodied tasks is challenging due to the complexity of the physical world. Especially, LLM planning for multi-agent collaboration requires communication of agents or credit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yang Zhang , Shixin Yang , Chenjia Bai , Fei Wu , Xiu Li , Zhen Wang , Xuelong Li

Automated theorem proving is fundamental to formal methods, and the recent trend is to integrate large language models (LLMs) and proof assistants to form effective proof agents. While existing proof agents show promising performance, they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yican Sun , Chengwei Shi , Hangzhou Lyu , Yingfei Xiong

The landscape of Large Language Models (LLMs) shifts rapidly towards dynamic, multi-agent systems. This introduces a fundamental challenge in establishing computational trust, specifically how one agent can verify that another's output was…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zan-Kai Chong , Hiroyuki Ohsaki , Bryan Ng

With the rise of LLMs, there is an increasing need for intelligent recommendation assistants that can handle complex queries and provide personalized, reasoning-driven recommendations. LLM-based recommenders show potential but face…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiani Huang , Shijie Wang , Liangbo Ning , Wenqi Fan , Qing Li

Automatic translation of natural language mathematics into faithful Lean 4 code is hindered by the fundamental dissonance between informal set-theoretic intuition and strict formal type theory. This gap often causes LLMs to hallucinate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ke Zhang , Patricio Gallardo , Maziar Raissi , Sudhir Murthy

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in code generation, they often struggle with the deep, long-horizon reasoning required for complex software engineering. We attribute this limitation to the nature of…

Formal reasoning and automated theorem proving constitute a challenging subfield of machine learning, in which machines are tasked with proving mathematical theorems using formal languages like Lean. A formal verification system can check…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Azim Ospanov , Farzan Farnia , Roozbeh Yousefzadeh

Large language models (LLMs) can face factual limitations when responding to time-sensitive queries about recent events that arise after their knowledge thresholds in the training corpus. Existing search-augmented approaches fall into two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wentao Shi , Yiqing Shen

Loop transformations are semantics-preserving optimization techniques, widely used to maximize objectives such as parallelism. Despite decades of research, applying the optimal composition of loop transformations remains challenging due to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yijie Zhi , Yayu Cao , Jianhua Dai , Xiaoyang Han , Jingwen Pu , Qingran Wu , Sheng Cheng , Ming Cai

Code refactoring is a fundamental software engineering practice aimed at improving code quality and maintainability. Despite its importance, developers often neglect refactoring due to the significant time, effort, and resources it…