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We introduce Latent Action Pretraining for general Action models (LAPA), an unsupervised method for pretraining Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models without ground-truth robot action labels. Existing Vision-Language-Action models require…

Latent actions learned from diverse human videos serve as pseudo-labels for vision-language-action (VLA) pretraining, but provide effective supervision only if they remain informative about the underlying ground-truth actions. For effective…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jung Min Lee , Dohyeok Lee , Seokhun Ju , Taehyun Cho , Jin Woo Koo , Li Zhao , Sangwoo Hong , Jungwoo Lee

Latent Action Models (LAMs) have emerged as an effective paradigm for handling heterogeneous datasets during Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model pretraining, offering a unified action space across embodiments. However, existing LAMs often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qiwei Li , Xicheng Gong , Xinghang Li , Peiyan Li , Quanyun Zhou , Hangjun Ye , Jiahuan Zhou , Yadong Mu

World models predict future transitions from observations and actions. Existing works predominantly focus on image generation only. Visual feature-based world models, on the other hand, predict future visual features instead of raw video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xinyu Zhang , Zhengtong Xu , Yutian Tao , Yeping Wang , Yu She , Abdeslam Boularias

We introduce a framework that predicts the goals behind observable human action in video. Motivated by evidence in developmental psychology, we leverage video of unintentional action to learn video representations of goals without direct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Dave Epstein , Carl Vondrick

Visual-Language-Action models (VLAs) have advanced generalist robot control by mapping multimodal observations and language instructions directly to actions, but sparse action supervision often encourages shortcut mappings rather than…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Hao Luo , Wanpeng Zhang , Yicheng Feng , Sipeng Zheng , Haiweng Xu , Chaoyi Xu , Ziheng Xi , Yuhui Fu , Zongqing Lu

Learning predictive world models from visual observations is a core problem in embodied AI, with applications to model-based reinforcement learning and robotic planning. Existing latent world models typically generate future states with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qixin Xiao , Maani Ghaffari

We introduce \textbf{LaMP}, a dual-expert Vision-Language-Action framework that embeds dense 3D scene flow as a latent motion prior for robotic manipulation. Existing VLA models regress actions directly from 2D semantic visual features,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Xinkai Wang , Chenyi Wang , Yifu Xu , Mingzhe Ye , Fu-Cheng Zhang , Jialin Tian , Xinyu Zhan , Lifeng Zhu , Cewu Lu , Lixin Yang

Passive observational data, such as human videos, is abundant and rich in information, yet remains largely untapped by current RL methods. Perhaps surprisingly, we show that passive data, despite not having reward or action labels, can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Dibya Ghosh , Chethan Bhateja , Sergey Levine

Learning new skills by observing humans' behaviors is an essential capability of AI. In this work, we leverage instructional videos to study humans' decision-making processes, focusing on learning a model to plan goal-directed actions in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Jing Bi , Jiebo Luo , Chenliang Xu

We study the identifiability of latent action policy learning (LAPO), a framework introduced recently to discover representations of actions from video data. We formally describe desiderata for such representations, their statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Sébastien Lachapelle

Adapting pretrained video generation models into controllable world models via latent actions is a promising step towards creating generalist world models. The dominant paradigm adopts a two-stage approach that trains latent action model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yucen Wang , Fengming Zhang , De-Chuan Zhan , Li Zhao , Kaixin Wang , Jiang Bian

Robotic manipulation requires anticipating how the environment evolves in response to actions, yet most existing systems lack this predictive capability, often resulting in errors and inefficiency. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Songen Gu , Yunuo Cai , Tianyu Wang , Simo Wu , Yanwei Fu

Large language models (LLMs) can often be made to behave in undesirable ways that they are explicitly fine-tuned not to. For example, the LLM red-teaming literature has produced a wide variety of 'jailbreaking' techniques to elicit harmful…

The video generation field has witnessed rapid improvements with the introduction of recent diffusion models. While these models have successfully enhanced appearance quality, they still face challenges in generating coherent and natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Yaosi Hu , Zhenzhong Chen , Chong Luo

Unified multimodal models can encode visual understanding and image generation within a shared backbone, yet understanding does not automatically translate into control: models may infer objects, relations, or knowledge cues but fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Fuxiang Zhai , Sixiang Chen , Yingjin Li , Shuaibo Li , Jianyu Lai , Tengjun Huang , Lei Zhu

Latent actions serve as an intermediate representation that enables consistent modeling of vision-language-action (VLA) models across heterogeneous datasets. However, approaches to supervising VLAs with latent actions are fragmented and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yihan Lin , Haoyang Li , Yang Li , Haitao Shen , Yihan Zhao , Chao Shao , Jing Zhang

A world model matters to an agent only through the state it constructs. That state must preserve some information, discard other information, and support some future function: prediction, control, planning, memory, grounding, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Keon Woo Kim

Learning identifiable representations and models from low-level observations is helpful for an intelligent spacecraft to complete downstream tasks reliably. For temporal observations, to ensure that the data generating process is provably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Congxi Zhang , Yongchun Xie

Learning transferable latent actions from large-scale object manipulation videos can significantly enhance generalization in downstream robotics tasks, as such representations are agnostic to different robot embodiments. Existing approaches…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zuolei Li , Xingyu Gao , Xiaofan Wang , Jianlong Fu