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Recent advancements in large language models have showcased their remarkable generalizability across various domains. However, their reasoning abilities still have significant room for improvement, especially when confronted with scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Xufeng Zhao , Mengdi Li , Wenhao Lu , Cornelius Weber , Jae Hee Lee , Kun Chu , Stefan Wermter

Large language models (LLMs) perform better when they produce step-by-step, "Chain-of-Thought" (CoT) reasoning before answering a question, but it is unclear if the stated reasoning is a faithful explanation of the model's actual reasoning…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities given chain-of-thought prompts (examples with intermediate reasoning steps). Existing benchmarks measure reasoning ability indirectly, by evaluating accuracy on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Abulhair Saparov , He He

Chain-of-Thought reasoning can enhance large language models, but it requires manually designed prompts to guide the model. Recently proposed CoT-decoding enables the model to generate CoT-style reasoning paths without prompts, but it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Guanran Luo , Wentao Qiu , Zhongquan Jian , Meihong Wang , Qingqiang Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in advancing natural language processing but often struggle with complex reasoning tasks due to inefficient attention distributions. In this paper, we explore the effect of increased computed tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on code generation, but the mechanisms by which Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting helps remain unclear. We present a systematic empirical and information-theoretic study of CoT…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Naizhu Jin , Zhong Li , Guang Yang , Tian Zhang , Qingkai Zeng

Multi-step reasoning ability of large language models is crucial in tasks such as math and tool utilization. Current researches predominantly focus on enhancing model performance in these multi-step reasoning tasks through fine-tuning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Yuli Qiu , Jiashu Yao , Heyan Huang , Yuhang Guo

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) is an essential ingredient in effective usage of modern large language models, but our understanding of the reasoning strategies underlying these capabilities remains limited. While some prior works have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Seongyun Lee , Seungone Kim , Minju Seo , Yongrae Jo , Dongyoung Go , Hyeonbin Hwang , Jinho Park , Xiang Yue , Sean Welleck , Graham Neubig , Moontae Lee , Minjoon Seo

Test-time compute scaling has demonstrated the ability to improve the performance of reasoning language models by generating longer chain-of-thought (CoT) sequences. However, this increase in performance comes with a significant increase in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Adarsha Balaji , Le Chen , Rajeev Thakur , Franck Cappello , Sandeep Madireddy

Long chain-of-thought (Long-CoT) reasoning improves accuracy in LLMs, yet its verbose, self-reflective style often hinders effective distillation into small language models (SLMs). We revisit Long-CoT compression through the lens of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Shangziqi Zhao , Jiahao Yuan , Jinyang Wu , Zhenglin Wang , Guisong Yang , Usman Naseem

Explicit Chain-of-Thought improves the reasoning performance of large language models but often incurs high inference cost due to verbose token-level traces. While recent approaches reduce this overhead via concise prompting or step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yunlong Chu , Minglai Shao , Yuhang Liu , Bing Hao , Yumeng Lin , Jialu Wang , Ruijie Wang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting significantly enhances large language models' (LLMs) problem-solving capabilities, but still struggles with complex multi-hop questions, often falling into circular reasoning patterns or deviating from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Chao Wan , Albert Gong , Mihir Mishra , Carl-Leander Henneking , Claas Beger , Kilian Q. Weinberger

In recent years, the input context sizes of large language models (LLMs) have increased dramatically. However, existing evaluation methods have not kept pace, failing to comprehensively assess the efficiency of models in handling long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Yuri Kuratov , Aydar Bulatov , Petr Anokhin , Ivan Rodkin , Dmitry Sorokin , Artyom Sorokin , Mikhail Burtsev

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can dramatically improve the multi-step reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). CoT explicitly encourages the LLM to generate intermediate rationales for solving a problem, by providing a series…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Boshi Wang , Sewon Min , Xiang Deng , Jiaming Shen , You Wu , Luke Zettlemoyer , Huan Sun

Multi-modal reasoning requires the seamless integration of visual and linguistic cues, yet existing Chain-of-Thought methods suffer from two critical limitations in cross-modal scenarios: (1) over-reliance on single coarse-grained image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Wenting Lu , Didi Zhu , Tao Shen , Donglin Zhu , Ayong Ye , Chao Wu

Do language models make decisions under uncertainty like humans do, and what role does chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning play in the underlying decision process? We introduce an active probabilistic reasoning task that cleanly separates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Gonçalo Guiomar , Elia Torre , Pehuen Moure , Victoria Shavina , Mario Giulianelli , Shih-Chii Liu , Valerio Mante

Reasoning methods, best exemplified by the well-known Chain-of-Thought (CoT), empower the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by eliciting them to solve complex tasks in a step-by-step manner. Although they are achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Leonardo Ranaldi , Giulia Pucci , Federico Ranaldi , Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning enhances performance of large language models, but questions remain about whether these reasoning traces faithfully reflect the internal processes of the model. We present the first comprehensive study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Sriram Balasubramanian , Samyadeep Basu , Soheil Feizi

Rapidly increasing model scales coupled with steering methods such as chain-of-thought prompting have led to drastic improvements in language model reasoning. At the same time, models struggle with compositional generalization and are far…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Jay Shim , Grant Kruttschnitt , Alyssa Ma , Daniel Kim , Benjamin Chek , Athul Anand , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

We study continued training and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of a language model (LM) to make effective use of long-context information. We first establish a reliable evaluation protocol to guide model development -- instead of perplexity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Tianyu Gao , Alexander Wettig , Howard Yen , Danqi Chen