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The dominant paradigm for building LLM based agents is the Agent Loop, an iterative cycle where a single language model decides what to do next by reading an ever growing context window. This paradigm has three structural weaknesses:…

Multistage stochastic programming deals with operational and planning problems that involve a sequence of decisions over time while responding to realizations that are uncertain. Algorithms designed to address multistage stochastic linear…

Language environments such as web browsers, code terminals, and interactive simulations emit raw text rather than states, and provide none of the runtime structure that MDP analysis requires. No explicit state space, no observation-to-state…

This paper presents a hybrid approach to predict the evolution of technological maturity in R and D projects, using the oil and gas sector as an example. Integrating System Dynamics (SD) and Agent Based Modelling (ABM) allows the proposed…

This paper introduces a multi-agent framework guided by Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist in the early stages of engineering design, a phase often characterized by vast parameter spaces and inherent uncertainty. Operating under a…

Domain-driven design (DDD) is a powerful design technique for architecting complex software systems. This paper introduces a prompting framework that automates core DDD activities through structured large language model (LLM) interactions.…

Enterprise deployment of long-horizon decision agents in regulated domains (underwriting, claims adjudication, tax examination) is dominated by retrieval-augmented pipelines despite a decade of increasingly sophisticated stateful memory…

This study presents optimization problems to jointly determine long-term network design, mid-term fleet sizing strategy, and short-term routing and ridesharing matching in shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) systems with pre-booked and…

Configuring LLM-based agent systems involves choosing workflows, tools, token budgets, and prompts from a large combinatorial design space, and is typically handled today by fixed templates or hand-tuned heuristics that apply the same…

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLM) and subsequent Agentic AI technologies requires systematic architectural guidance for building sophisticated, production-grade systems. This paper presents an approach for architecting such…

Large language models (LLMs) deployed in real-world agentic applications must be capable of replanning and adapting when mid-task disruptions invalidate their prior decisions. Existing dynamic benchmarks primarily measure whether LLMs can…

Building deployment-ready LLM agents requires complex orchestration of tools, data sources, and control flow logic, yet existing systems tightly couple agent logic to specific programming languages and deployment models. We present a…

This paper explores the application of Stochastic Differential Equations (SDE) to interpret the text generation process of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4. Text generation in LLMs is modeled as a stochastic process where each…

In this paper we address the class of Sequential Decision Making (SDM) problems that are characterized by time-varying parameters. These parameter dynamics are either pre-specified or manipulable. At any given time instant the decision…

Enterprise SLM deployment faces epistemic asymmetry: small models cannot self-correct reasoning errors, while frontier LLMs incur prohibitive costs and data sovereignty risks at scale. We propose Semantic Gradient Descent (SGDe), a…

LLM agents are rapidly evolving from coding assistants into autonomous software engineering systems. However, existing evaluation methodologies remain largely centered on static, isolated, and short-horizon benchmarks that fail to capture…

Multi-Agent reinforcement learning has received lot of attention in recent years and have applications in many different areas. Existing methods involving Centralized Training and Decentralized execution, attempts to train the agents…

While powerful, the inherent non-determinism of large language model (LLM) agents limits their application in structured operational environments where procedural fidelity and predictable execution are strict requirements. This limitation…

Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) is traditionally formulated as a nested optimization and reliability problem. Although surrogate models are generally employed to improve efficiency, the approach remains computationally…

As multi-agent LLM pipelines grow in complexity, existing serving paradigms fail to adapt to the dynamic serving conditions. We argue that agentic serving systems should be programmable and system-aware, unlike existing serving which…