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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising approach to mitigate hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) for legal applications, but its reliability is critically dependent on the accuracy of the retrieval step. This is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Markus Reuter , Tobias Lingenberg , Rūta Liepiņa , Francesca Lagioia , Marco Lippi , Giovanni Sartor , Andrea Passerini , Burcu Sayin

Multilingual retrieval-augmented generation (MRAG) requires models to effectively acquire and integrate beneficial external knowledge from multilingual collections. However, most existing studies employ a unitive process where queries of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Rui Qi , Fengran Mo , Yufeng Chen , Xue Zhang , Shuo Wang , Hongliang Li , Jinan Xu , Meng Jiang , Jian-Yun Nie , Kaiyu Huang

Financial analysts face significant challenges extracting information from lengthy 10-K reports, which often exceed 100 pages. This paper presents a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system designed to answer questions about S&P 500…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zhiyuan Cheng , Longying Lai , Yue Liu , Kai Cheng , Xiaoxi Qi

Recent advances in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) have shown promise in enhancing recommendation systems with external knowledge. However, existing RAG-based recommenders face two critical challenges: (1) vulnerability to distribution…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Sebastian Sun

Although Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have been widely applied, the privacy and security risks they face, such as data leakage and data poisoning, have not been systematically addressed yet. Existing defense strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Zhongliang Yang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has greatly improved the performance of Large Language Model (LLM) responses by grounding generation with context from existing documents. These systems work well when documents are clearly relevant to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jialin Dong , Bahare Fatemi , Bryan Perozzi , Lin F. Yang , Anton Tsitsulin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a well-established path to grounding large language model (LLM) outputs in external knowledge, yet the question of which retrieval strategy works best in a high-stakes domain such as biomedicine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Devi Prasad Bal , Subhashree Puhan

Most conventional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines rely on relevance-based retrieval, which often misaligns with utility -- that is, whether the retrieved passages actually improve the quality of the generated text specific to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Manish Chandra , Debasis Ganguly , Iadh Ounis

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing the capabilities of large language models. However, existing RAG evaluation predominantly focuses on text retrieval and relies on opaque, end-to-end…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Chuan Xu , Qiaosheng Chen , Yutong Feng , Gong Cheng

The robustness of recent Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly crucial as their applicability expands across various domains and real-world applications. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising solution for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Sukmin Cho , Soyeong Jeong , Jeongyeon Seo , Taeho Hwang , Jong C. Park

Generative retrieval represents a novel approach to information retrieval. It uses an encoder-decoder architecture to directly produce relevant document identifiers (docids) for queries. While this method offers benefits, current approaches…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Yubao Tang , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Wei Chen , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval-Augmented Code Generation (RACG) is a critical technique for enhancing code generation by retrieving relevant information. In this work, we conduct an in-depth analysis of code retrieval by systematically masking specific features…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Dhruv Gupta , Gayathri Ganesh Lakshmy , Yiqing Xie

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) merges retrieval methods with deep learning advancements to address the static limitations of large language models (LLMs) by enabling the dynamic integration of up-to-date external information. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yizheng Huang , Jimmy Huang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is key to enhancing large language models (LLMs) to systematically access richer factual knowledge. Yet, using RAG brings intrinsic challenges, as LLMs must deal with potentially conflicting knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Leonardo Ranaldi , Federico Ranaldi , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Security applications are increasingly relying on large language models (LLMs) for cyber threat detection; however, their opaque reasoning often limits trust, particularly in decisions that require domain-specific cybersecurity knowledge.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Arnabh Borah , Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

Incident response (IR) requires fast, coordinated, and well-informed decision-making to contain and mitigate cyber threats. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise as autonomous agents in simulated IR settings, their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zefang Liu , Arman Anwar

Various industries have produced a large number of documents such as industrial plans, technical guidelines, and regulations that are structurally complex and content-wise fragmented. This poses significant challenges for experts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hongjia Wu , Hongxin Zhang , Wei Chen , Jiazhi Xia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to extend their existing knowledge by dynamically incorporating external information. However, practical deployment is fundamentally constrained by the LLM's finite…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jiarui Guo , Yuemeng Xu , Zongwei Lv , Yangyujia Wang , Xiaolin Wang , Kan Liu , Tao Lan , Lin Qu , Tong Yang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieval models for identifying relevant contexts and answer generation models for utilizing those contexts. However, retrievers exhibit imperfect recall and precision, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jerry Huang , Siddarth Madala , Risham Sidhu , Cheng Niu , Hao Peng , Julia Hockenmaier , Tong Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has attracted significant attention due to its ability to combine the generative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with knowledge obtained through efficient retrieval mechanisms over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Aiman Al Masoud , Marco Arazzi , Antonino Nocera