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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances language models by integrating external knowledge, but its effectiveness is highly dependent on system configuration. Improper retrieval settings can degrade performance, making RAG less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Jennifer Hsia , Afreen Shaikh , Zhiruo Wang , Graham Neubig

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enriches the input to LLMs by retrieving information from the relevant knowledge database, enabling them to produce responses that are more accurate and contextually appropriate. It is worth noting that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Xue Tan , Hao Luan , Mingyu Luo , Xiaoyan Sun , Ping Chen , Jun Dai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant documents from external corpora before generating responses. This approach significantly expands LLM capabilities by leveraging vast,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Haowei Wang , Rupeng Zhang , Junjie Wang , Mingyang Li , Yuekai Huang , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

Multimodal retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances the visual reasoning capability of vision-language models (VLMs) by dynamically accessing information from external knowledge bases. In this work, we introduce \textit{Poisoned-MRAG},…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Yinuo Liu , Zenghui Yuan , Guiyao Tie , Jiawen Shi , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) extends large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, but this access path also introduces security risks that existing work often conflates with inherent LLM flaws. We frame secure RAG as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuming Xu , Mingtao Zhang , Zhuohan Ge , Haoyang Li , Nicole Hu , Yongqi Zhang , Zhiyuan Wen , Jason Chen Zhang , Qing Li , Lei Chen

With the growing adoption of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, various attack methods have been proposed to degrade their performance. However, most existing approaches rely on unrealistic assumptions in which external attackers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Chanwoo Choi , Jinsoo Kim , Sukmin Cho , Soyeong Jeong , Buru Chang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enriches LLMs by dynamically retrieving external knowledge, reducing hallucinations and satisfying real-time information needs. While existing research mainly targets RAG's performance and efficiency,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zhuo Chen , Yuyang Gong , Jiawei Liu , Miaokun Chen , Haotan Liu , Qikai Cheng , Fan Zhang , Wei Lu , Xiaozhong Liu

Robust content moderation requires classification systems that can quickly adapt to evolving policies without costly retraining. We present classification using Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which shifts traditional classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Richard Willats , Josh Pennington , Aravind Mohan , Bertie Vidgen

Cross-lingual retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a critical capability for retrieving and generating answers across languages. Prior work in this context has mostly focused on generation and relied on benchmarks derived from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chen Amiraz , Yaroslav Fyodorov , Elad Haramaty , Zohar Karnin , Liane Lewin-Eytan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by retrieving external data to mitigate hallucinations and outdated knowledge issues. Benefiting from the strong ability in facilitating diverse data sources and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Tianzhe Zhao , Jiaoyan Chen , Yanchi Ru , Haiping Zhu , Nan Hu , Jun Liu , Qika Lin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, which integrate Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge sources, are vulnerable to a range of adversarial attack vectors. This paper examines the importance of RAG systems through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chris M. Ward , Josh Harguess

Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have shown improved performance in generating accurate responses. However, the dependence on external knowledge bases introduces potential security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Zhiyuan Chang , Mingyang Li , Xiaojun Jia , Junjie Wang , Yuekai Huang , Ziyou Jiang , Yang Liu , Qing Wang

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has become the standard in long context question answering (QA) systems. However, typical implementations of RAG rely on a rather naive retrieval mechanism, in which texts whose embeddings are most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Keyush Shah , Abhishek Goyal , Isaac Wasserman

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have become essential in knowledge-intensive and open-domain tasks. As retrieval complexity increases, ensuring the robustness of these systems is critical. However, current RAG models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jiayu Yao , Shenghua Liu , Yiwei Wang , Lingrui Mei , Baolong Bi , Yuyao Ge , Zhecheng Li , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) systems provide a method for factually grounding the responses of a Large Language Model (LLM) by providing retrieved evidence, or context, as support. Guided by this context, RAG systems can reduce…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Shakiba Amirshahi , Amin Bigdeli , Charles L. A. Clarke , Amira Ghenai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have recently shown remarkable advancements by integrating retrieval mechanisms into language models, enhancing their ability to produce more accurate and contextually relevant responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Siran Li , Linus Stenzel , Carsten Eickhoff , Seyed Ali Bahrainian

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge but are vulnerable to corpus poisoning and contamination attacks, which can compromise output integrity. Existing defenses often apply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Xiaonan Si , Meilin Zhu , Simeng Qin , Lijia Yu , Lijun Zhang , Shuaitong Liu , Xinfeng Li , Ranjie Duan , Yang Liu , Xiaojun Jia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a core technology for tasks such as question-answering (QA) and content generation. RAG poisoning is an attack method to induce LLMs to generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Meng Xi , Sihan Lv , Yechen Jin , Guanjie Cheng , Naibo Wang , Ying Li , Jianwei Yin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm to enhance large language models (LLMs) by conditioning generation on external evidence retrieved at inference time. While RAG addresses critical limitations of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chaitanya Sharma

This work presents a Biomedical Literature Question Answering (Q&A) system based on a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture, designed to improve access to accurate, evidence-based medical information. Addressing the shortcomings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Mansi Garg , Lee-Chi Wang , Bhavesh Ghanchi , Sanjana Dumpala , Shreyash Kakde , Yen Chih Chen