English
Related papers

Related papers: Neurosymbolic Learning for Inference-Time Argument…

200 papers

We introduce a novel learning and planning framework that replaces traditional reward-based optimisation with constructive logical inference. In our model, actions, transitions, and goals are represented as logical propositions, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Andrei T. Patrascu

The prevailing paradigm for training large reasoning models--combining Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) with Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR)--is fundamentally constrained by its reliance on high-quality, human-annotated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuanfu Wang , Zhixuan Liu , Xiangtian Li , Chaochao Lu , Chao Yang

Recent developments in large language models have shown advantages in reallocating a notable share of computational resource from training time to inference time. However, the principles behind inference time scaling are not well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Indranil Halder , Cengiz Pehlevan

In-Context Reinforcement Learning (ICRL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn online from external rewards directly within the context window. However, a central challenge in ICRL is reward estimation, as models typically lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Wenxuan Jiang , Yuxin Zuo , Zijian Zhang , Xuecheng Wu , Zining Fan , Wenxuan Liu , Li Chen , Xiaoyu Li , Xuezhi Cao , Xiaolong Jin , Ninghao Liu

Predictive modeling on tabular data is the cornerstone of many real-world applications. Although gradient boosting machines and some recent deep models achieve strong performance on tabular data, they often lack interpretability. On the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Tommy Xu , Zhitian Zhang , Xiangyu Sun , Lauren Kelly Zung , Hossein Hajimirsadeghi , Greg Mori

Leveraging contextual knowledge has become standard practice in automated claim verification, yet the impact of temporal reasoning has been largely overlooked. Our study demonstrates that time positively influences the claim verification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Liesbeth Allein , Marlon Saelens , Ruben Cartuyvels , Marie-Francine Moens

Language models are often trained to maximize the likelihood of the next token given past tokens in the training dataset. However, during inference time, they are utilized differently, generating text sequentially and auto-regressively by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Zhepeng Cen , Yao Liu , Siliang Zeng , Pratik Chaudhari , Huzefa Rangwala , George Karypis , Rasool Fakoor

Fact-checking real-world claims, particularly numerical claims, is inherently complex that require multistep reasoning and numerical reasoning for verifying diverse aspects of the claim. Although large language models (LLMs) including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Primakov Chungkham , V Venktesh , Vinay Setty , Avishek Anand

Algorithmic decision making driven by neural networks has become very prominent in applications that directly affect people's quality of life. In this paper, we study the problem of verifying, training, and guaranteeing individual fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Kiarash Mohammadi , Aishwarya Sivaraman , Golnoosh Farnadi

Where do learning signals come from when there is no ground truth in post-training? We show that inference compute itself can serve as supervision. By generating parallel rollouts and converting them into reference estimates, models can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dulhan Jayalath , Shashwat Goel , Thomas Foster , Parag Jain , Suchin Gururangan , Cheng Zhang , Anirudh Goyal , Alan Schelten

Real-time and human-interpretable decision-making in cyber-physical systems is a significant but challenging task, which usually requires predictions of possible future events from limited data. In this paper, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Erfan Aasi , Mingyu Cai , Cristian Ioan Vasile , Calin Belta

Large language models (LLMs) and theorem provers (TPs) can be effectively combined for verifiable natural language inference (NLI). However, existing approaches rely on a fixed logical formalism, a feature that limits robustness and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ali Farjami , Luca Redondi , Marco Valentino

Recent advances in multimodal language models (MLLMs) have made thinking with images a dominant paradigm for multimodal reasoning. However, existing methods still fail to ensure evidence-answer consistency, where correct answers must be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tianrun Xu , Haoda Jing , Ye Li , Yuquan Wei , Jun Feng , Guanyu Chen , Haichuan Gao , Tianren Zhang , Feng Chen

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle to perform multi-target reasoning in long-context scenarios where relevant information is scattered across extensive documents. To address this challenge, we introduce NeuroSymbolic Augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Sina Bagheri Nezhad , Ameeta Agrawal

Studies have underscored how, regardless of the recent breakthrough and swift advances in AI research, even state-of-the-art Large Language models (LLMs) continue to struggle when performing logical and mathematical reasoning. The results…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Federico Castagna , Isabel Sassoon , Simon Parsons

Textual content around us is growing on a daily basis. Numerous articles are being written as we speak on online newspapers, blogs, or social media. Similarly, recent advances in the AI field, like language models or traditional classic AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Nicos Isaak

One of the primary driving forces contributing to the superior performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is the extensive availability of human-annotated natural language data, which is used for alignment fine-tuning. This inspired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Fangzhi Xu , Qiushi Sun , Kanzhi Cheng , Jun Liu , Yu Qiao , Zhiyong Wu

Recent advances in text-based large language models (LLMs), particularly in the GPT series and the o1 model, have demonstrated the effectiveness of scaling both training-time and inference-time compute. However, current state-of-the-art TTS…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-25 Zhen Ye , Xinfa Zhu , Chi-Min Chan , Xinsheng Wang , Xu Tan , Jiahe Lei , Yi Peng , Haohe Liu , Yizhu Jin , Zheqi Dai , Hongzhan Lin , Jianyi Chen , Xingjian Du , Liumeng Xue , Yunlin Chen , Zhifei Li , Lei Xie , Qiuqiang Kong , Yike Guo , Wei Xue

Machine learning models for text classification often excel on in-distribution (ID) data but struggle with unseen out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Most techniques for improving OOD robustness are not applicable to settings where the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Kyle O'Brien , Nathan Ng , Isha Puri , Jorge Mendez , Hamid Palangi , Yoon Kim , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Thomas Hartvigsen

Our goal is to $\textit{efficiently}$ discover a compact set of temporal logic rules to explain irregular events of interest. We introduce a neural-symbolic rule induction framework within the temporal point process model. The negative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yang Yang , Chao Yang , Boyang Li , Yinghao Fu , Shuang Li