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Diffusion bridge models in both continuous and discrete state spaces have recently become powerful tools in the field of generative modeling. In this work, we leverage the discrete state space formulation of bridge matching models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Iryna Zabarianska , Sergei Kholkin , Grigoriy Ksenofontov , Ivan Butakov , Alexander Korotin

Identifying variables responsible for changes to a biological system enables applications in drug target discovery and cell engineering. Given a pair of observational and interventional datasets, the goal is to isolate the subset of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Menghua Wu , Umesh Padia , Sean H. Murphy , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Unmeasured confounding, unethical exposure, and ill-defined interventions pose significant challenges to evaluating policy-relevant mediation estimands in medicine and public health. In observational studies involving harmful exposures, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Yang Bai , Yifan Cui , Baoluo Sun

Causal discovery aims to uncover cause-and-effect relationships encoded in causal graphs by leveraging observational, interventional data, or their combination. The majority of existing causal discovery methods are developed assuming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Muhammad Qasim Elahi , Lai Wei , Murat Kocaoglu , Mahsa Ghasemi

While probabilistic models are an important tool for studying causality, doing so suffers from the intractability of inference. As a step towards tractable causal models, we consider the problem of learning interventional distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Matej Zečević , Devendra Singh Dhami , Athresh Karanam , Sriraam Natarajan , Kristian Kersting

We study the problem of learning causal representations from unknown, latent interventions in a general setting, where the latent distribution is Gaussian but the mixing function is completely general. We prove strong identifiability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Simon Buchholz , Goutham Rajendran , Elan Rosenfeld , Bryon Aragam , Bernhard Schölkopf , Pradeep Ravikumar

A method to obtain (approximate) analytical expressions for the radial distribution functions in a multicomponent mixture of additive hard spheres that was recently introduced is used to obtain the direct correlation functions and bridge…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-09-15 S. B. Yuste , A. Santos , M. López de Haro

We consider the problem of efficiently inferring interventional distributions in a causal Bayesian network from a finite number of observations. Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a causal model on a set $\mathbf{V}$ of observable variables on a given…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Arnab Bhattacharyya , Sutanu Gayen , Saravanan Kandasamy , Vedant Raval , N. V. Vinodchandran

Most work in causal inference considers deterministic interventions that set each unit's treatment to some fixed value. However, under positivity violations these interventions can lead to non-identification, inefficiency, and effects with…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-06-20 Edward H. Kennedy

In longitudinal studies where units are embedded in space or a social network, interference may arise, meaning that a unit's outcome can depend on treatment histories of others. The presence of interference poses significant challenges for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-26 Ye Wang , Michael Jetsupphasuk

Existing work in data fusion has covered identification of causal estimands when integrating data from heterogeneous sources. These results typically require additional assumptions to make valid estimation and inference. However, there is…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-10 Ngoc Q. Duong , Amy J. Pitts , Soohyun Kim , Caleb H. Miles

Applied Difference-in-Differences studies often involve outcomes that are discrete, mixed, censored, or otherwise non-continuously distributed, while policy questions frequently concern distributional effects rather than mean effects alone.…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-22 Nelly K. Djuazon , Emmanuel Selorm Tsyawo

In scientific domains -- from biology to the social sciences -- many questions boil down to \textit{What effect will we observe if we intervene on a particular variable?} If the causal relationships (e.g.~a causal graph) are known, it is…

In causal inference, interference occurs when the treatment of one unit may affect the outcomes of other units. The goal of this work is to serve as a guide to the use of linear outcome modeling for estimating causal effects in settings…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-01 Eric Tong , Salvador V. Balkus

Causal mediation analysis decomposes the total treatment effect into a portion operating through a hypothesized mediator and a residual direct portion. Identification of natural direct and indirect effects typically rests on the mediator…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Yuki Ohnishi , Fan Li

Evaluating the causal effect of an intervention on multivariate outcomes is challenging when the outcomes are interdependent and derived rather than directly observed. Effective connectivity, which summarizes the directional neural…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-02 Haiyue Song , Ani Eloyan , Youjin Lee

The predominant method for evaluating the quality of causal models is to measure the graphical accuracy of the learned model structure. We present an alternative method for evaluating causal models that directly measures the accuracy of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-17 Dan Garant , David Jensen

A common approach to mechanistic interpretability is to causally manipulate model representations via targeted interventions in order to understand what those representations encode. Here we ask whether such interventions create…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Satchel Grant , Simon Jerome Han , Alexa R. Tartaglini , Christopher Potts

Network interference occurs when treatments assigned to some units affect the outcomes of others. Traditional approaches often assume that the observed network correctly specifies the interference structure. However, in practice,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-04 Bar Weinstein , Daniel Nevo

Properties of classical molecular systems can be calculated with integral equation theories based on the Ornstein-Zernike (OZ) equation and a complementing closure relation. One such closure relation is the hyper netted chain (HNC)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-26 Martin Panholzer , Michael Haring , Thomas Wallek , Robert E. Zillich